This paper presents an algorithm for executing formal speci cations, and a proof of the soundness of that algorithm. The algorithm executes speci cations written in the model-based speci cation language SPECS-C++ by transforming such speci cations to constraint programs. The generated programs use constraint satisfaction techniques to execute speci cations written at a high level of abstraction...

From the perspective of sustainable agri-food production, farmers need to make best use natural resources. Biochar can be a solution adopt more way farming. Despite its environmental and agronomic advantages, biochar has low plant nutrient value. This study evaluated effect co-application an inorganic or organic fertilizer on soil properties, growth content Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cy...

Upland forests of the southern Lake Superior region are diverse and contain a shifting mosaic of eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr.] and northern hardwood forests dominated by sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). In this study, we survey the relative effects of management practice (old growth vs. managed), forest cover type (hemlock vs. northern hardwood), and soil great group (Entic ...

Motor endplates of frog semitendinosus muscles were studied under voltage clamp. Current fluctuations induced by iontophoretic application of acetylcholine were analyzed to give the elementary conductance, gamma , and mean open time, tau , of endplate channels. Total replacement of the external Na+ ion by several other metal ions and by many permeant organic cations changed both gamma and tau ....

79215; green=P, blue=Ca, red=Fe. Apatite is cyan; plagioclase is blue, olivine is red, opx is dark. Table 1. Average chemical analysis of 79215 apatite. Avg* 1 σ To 8 cations SiO2 0.41 0.02 Ti 0.001 TiO2 0.01 0.02 Al 0.001 Al2O3 0.01 0.02 Ce 0.002 Ce2O3 0.05 0.02 REE 0.012 REE2O3 0.21 ** Fe 0.014 FeO 0.20 0.06 Mn 0.002 MnO 0.02 0.02 Mg 0.017 MgO 0.14 0.03 Ca 4.973 CaO 54.86 0.15 Sr 0.002 SrO 0....

Coal utilization byproducts (CUB), such as fly ash, contain cations that may be released during exposure to fluids such as acid rain or acid mine drainage. Researchers at the Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) have conducted a long-term column leaching study of 32 Class F fly ash samples from pulverized coal (PC) combustion, and quantified the release of 19 ...

With a mean precipitation rate, much lower than that of the world, Iran is among the countries that face severe water challenges. The present study has dealt with the evaluation of hydrochemistry of Faryab spring water in Hormozgan Province, Iran. Four different composite water samples have been analyzed to detect major anions, cations, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, pH, and s...