This article proposes introducing the concept of total war into study Latin American Independence in 1810s and 1820s. We argue that was not an exclusively North Atlantic phenomenon, but experience also manifested itself at beginning nineteenth century Spanish Viceroyalty New Granada. To prove it, we analyze social militarization caused by enlightened reforms eighteenth century, impact political...

Abstract M split estimation is a method that enables the of mutually competing versions parameters in functional observation models. In presented study, classical models found it are replaced by errors-in-variables (EIV) Similar to weighted total least-squares (WTLS) method, random components these were assigned covariance matrix Thus, proposed named Total (TM ) estimation, corresponds basic ru...