In rugged terrain subject to active geomorphological processes, the species composition of forest communities changes along topographic gradients over short distances. However, the phylogenetic structure of forests on rugged terrain has rarely been examined. Understanding such structures provides insight into community assembly rules dependent on local environmental conditions. To this end, we ...

A two-dimensional circulation model has been used to test the hypothesis of whether the observed lowfrequency current variations in the central Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea, can be explained by basin-scale topographic wave response. A comparison of two-dimensional model results with measurements from a single current meter in the gulf showed good correlation. More sophisticated three-dimensional ba...

UNLABELLED purpose To determine how primary human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cells are influenced by their interaction with nanopatterned substrates. METHODS HTM cells from several individuals were grown on planar or anisotropically ordered nanopatterned surfaces. Microscopy was used to measure cellular elongation and alignment. Cells were also incubated with 10(-7) M dexamethasone for compari...

Fiber tractography on diffusion imaging data offers rich potential for describing white matter pathways in the human brain, but characterizing the spatial organization in these large and complex data sets remains a challenge. We show that level set trees--which provide a concise representation of the hierarchical mode structure of probability density functions--offer a statistically-principled ...

Face perception is crucial to survival among social primates. It has been suggested that a group of extrastriate cortical regions responding more strongly to faces than to nonface objects is critical for face processing in primates. It is generally assumed that these regions are not retinotopically organized, as with human face-processing areas, showing foveal bias but lacking any organization ...

We consider two layered binary state neural networks in which cellular topographic self-organization occurs under correlational learning. The main result is that for separable input relations, a mapping is topographic if it is stable and vice versa.

Topography complicates the modeling and retrieval of land surface albedo due to shadow effects and the redistribution of incident radiation. Neglecting topographic effects may lead to a significant bias when estimating land surface albedo over a single slope. However, for rugged terrain, a comprehensive and systematic investigation of topographic effects on land surface albedo is currently ongo...

In the frame of a three-layer, quasi-geostrophic analytical model of an f -plane geophysical flow, the Lagrangian advection induced by the interaction of a monopole vortex with an isolated topographic feature is addressed. Two different cases when the monopole is located either within the upper or the middle layer are of our interest. In the bottom layer, there is a delta-function topographic f...