objectives: this study was designed to assess the changes of the mandible of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with or without extraction of four premolars. materials and methods: eighteen class i bimaxillary protrusion patients treated with extraction of four first premolars and retraction of anterior teeth and 18 class i non-extraction patients with a mean age of 16.38±0.4 years we...

Teeth are found in almost all vertebrates, and they therefore provide a general paradigm for the study of epithelial organ development and evolution. Here, we review the developmental mechanisms underlying changes in tooth complexity and tooth renewal during evolution, focusing on recent studies of fish, reptiles and mammals. Mammals differ from other living vertebrates in that they have the mo...

Mandibular fracture in children usually results in the involvement of a tooth bud directly in the fracture line. A study by Koenig et al (1994) proves that the injury has the potential to damage the developing tooth germ. The presence of infection may also adversely affect the developing tooth and the fracture union. Specific treatment guidelines for developing tooth buds located in the line of...

Reattachment of tooth fragment is a simple, conservative, and noninvasive procedure, and it is the most currently acceptable treatment option. This article presents management of two accidentally damaged maxillary incisors using direct composite resin restoration and fractured tooth fragment. With the advancements in adhesive dentistry, tooth fragment reattachment procedure has become simpler a...

Tooth avulsion represents 0.5-16% of traumatic injuries. Avulsion of a pre-eruptive left permanent maxillary incisor in a 6-year-old boy is presented. The immature tooth was replanted after rinsing with saline following 10 min dry extra-oral time. This case report describes treatment and a 2-year follow-up of the tooth. During the follow-up period, continuation of root development, pulp revascu...

Dentoalveolar injuries are common and are caused by many factors. Dental trauma requires special consideration when a missing tooth or tooth fracture accompanies soft tissue laceration. A tooth or its fragment occasionally penetrates into soft tissue and may cause severe complications. This report presents a case of delayed diagnosis and management of a displaced tooth in the vestibule of the m...

Josh has fractured his tooth and exposed the pulp. Although repairing the injury is the immediate problem, ensuring that the tooth will continue to thrive is the real challenge. Understanding the impact of trauma on the pulp and the importance of pulp vitality to sound tooth development is essential for optimum patient care. Endodontics can offer a unique perspective. Endodontic therapy general...

Dental crowns are best utilized as a way to improve the cosmetics of a tooth appearance when the crown simultaneously serves other purposes also, such as restoring a tooth to its original shape or strengthening a tooth. The study presents four different designs of molar crown depending upon the tooth loss. The finite element results obtained suggests that restored material which fills the treat...