Age-associated changes in tongue muscle structure and strength may contribute to dysphagia in elderly people. Tongue exercise is a current treatment option. We hypothesized that targeted tongue exercise and nontargeted exercise that activates tongue muscles as a consequence of increased respiratory drive, such as treadmill running, are associated with different patterns of tongue muscle contrac...

Towards the end of the 1990s a new trend in the culture of body modification arose: tongue splitting. The result of this body modification is a tongue tip split into two parts. The present paper reports a single-case study of articulation by a subject who underwent tongue bifurcation. We find that movement direction and the tongue’s acceleration/deceleration behavior affected the degree of disp...

previous studies on etiology of squamous cell carcinoma (scc) of the tongue have reported results with respect to long term exposure to cigarette smoking and alcohol abuse. the aim of this study was to investigate risk factors for scc of the tongue in a set of patients with minimum exposure to cigarette smoking and alcohol. sixty four cases with diagnosis of oral tongue scc were reviewed in thi...

The traditional understanding of the regional circulation in Northwest Pacific marginal seas is that Korean Coastal Current flows southward, following isobaths 20–50 m. However, an unusual tongue-shaped structure cold water observed satellite SST data January 2017, indicating a possible offshore spread coastal into middle Southern Yellow Sea (SYS). Additional observations, including situ hydrog...

Tongue muscles are non-joint moving muscles and consist of extrinsic and intrinsic muscle groups. Contraction of the extrinsic tongue muscle group can produce fast movements of the tongue for protrusion, retraction or lateral deviation, and contraction of the intrinsic muscle group may produce a delicate change in shape of the tongue. The tongue is constantly in action during mastication, deglu...

Speaking requires the coordinated movements of individual articulators. Understanding each articulator’s contribution to speech is fundamental not only for understanding how speech is produced, but also for optimizing speech assessment and treatment. Our recent work has studied the individual contributions of tongue tip, tongue blade, tongue body front, tongue body back, upper lip, and lower li...

We wanted to examine whether a relation between foraging strategy, morphology, the mechanics of tongue protrusion, and prey chemical detection and discrimination exists in agamid lizards. Tongue-flick behavior was observed in two species of this family: Uromastix acanthinurus and Plocederma stellio. Potential prey chemical discrimination by means of tongue flicking was examined by using applica...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its cause’s diabetic retinopathy (DR) are major health problems. To combat this approaching epidemic, proposes a noninvasive automated method to detect DM and NPDR by distinguishing Healthy/DM and NPDR/DM sans NPDR (DM without NPDR) samples using an array of tongue features consisting of color, texture, and geometry. The various tongue features like color, texture, an...