Investigation on the brain-tropism was carried out through direct injection of virus into vitreous body eye using five marine fish species: kelp grouper, striped jack, Japanese flounder, threeline grunt and yellow tail. When brains intravitreously-injected (106 TCID50 Fish-1) were examined at 72 h post infection, jack nervous necrosis (SJNNV; type species genus Betanodavirus) frequently detecte...

Molecular imaging provides the ability of simultaneous visual and quantitative estimation of long term gene expression directly from living organisms. To reveal the kinetics of gene expression by imaging method, often sustained expression of the transgene is required. Lentiviral vectors have been extensively used over last fifteen years for delivery of a transgene in a wide variety of cell type...

Recombinant adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have advanced to the vanguard of gene therapy. Numerous naturally occurring serotypes have been used to target cells in various tissues. There is a strong need for fast and dynamic methods which efficiently unravel viral tropism in whole organs. Ultramicroscopy (UM) is a novel fluorescence microscopy technique that images optically cleared undiss...

Chlamydia trachomatis is a widespread obligate intracellular pathogen genetically non-tractable for which transcriptomics is a fundamental tool to better understand its biology. However, the suitability of endogenous controls for normalization of transcriptomic data in this bacterium still needs validation. We aimed to assess the stability of 10 genes for their potential use as endogenous contr...

Following extensive propagation in fibroblasts, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) loses tropism for a number of otherwise natural host cells, in particular, endothelial cells. In this study, the hypothesis was tested that loss of endothelial tropism is associated with the appearance of genomic variants. Initial quantitative focus expansion assays on endothelial monolayers demonstrated that, while th...