The paper compares the emissions from vehicles including ICEVs (internal combustion engine vehicles) with equivalent BEVs (battery electric vehicles). Additionally, it analyzes available source research and specific energy mix for Poland based on carbon. Mathematical calculations estimate air pollutant emissions. To carry out analysis calculations, data were provided by manufacturers of electri...

Nanometre-sized particles of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene have been identified in the lubricants retrieved from hip simulators. Tissue samples were taken from seven failed Charnley total hip replacements, digested using strong alkali and analysed using high-resolution field emission gun-scanning electron microscopy to determine whether nanometre-sized particles of polyethylene debri...

INTRODUCTION: Several different types of devices are available to aid in spinal fixation. Clinical results are usually acceptable but aseptic loosening may occur, and may be accompanied by particles of wear debris. Debris is now recognized as a probable cause of loosening of total joint prostheses, but the magnitude of debris associated with spinal devices, and it's relation to motion are uncle...

TiO2 nano-particles were used in electroless plating bath to obtain Ni/P/nano-composite coatings. The coatings were heat treated at 200, 400, 600 and 700 oC and their chemical and physical properties were investigated and it was found that 400 oC was the optimum temperature for the heat treatment of the coatings. The micro-hardness test of coatings showed that t...

We present a case in which the growth of an intraosseous cyst arising from the proximal tibiofibular joint appeared to have been increased by polyethylene wear particles from a medial unicompartmental knee replacement. Histological examination of the cyst wall showed a histiocytic response associated with numerous polyethylene wear particles. This case demonstrates that there is a direct commun...

Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is a more and more frequent approach for the treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis in young and active adults; it successfully relieves joint pain and improves function significantly enhancing the health-related quality of life. Aseptic loosening and other wear-related complications are some of the most recurrent reasons for revision of TJA. This review focuses on...

Polyethylene wear has been accepted as a major cause of osteolysis in total hip arthroplasty. Submicron particles, which are secondary to abrasive wear, migrate into the effective joint space and stimulate a foreign-body response resulting in bone loss which is mainly mediated by macrophages. Diagnosis depends on serial radiographic evaluation and frequent follow-up. Polyethylene wear and osteo...

Particle effects on friction and wear of 6061 aluminium (6061 AI) reinforced with silicon carbide (SIC) and alumina (AI203) particles were investigated by means of Vickers microhardness measurements and scratch tests. Unreinforced 6061 AI matrix alloy was also studied for comparison. To explore the effect of heat treatment, materials subjected to three different heat treatment conditions, i.e. ...

This study reveals the effect of TiB₂ particles on the mechanical and tribological properties of Fe₃Al-TiB₂ composite coatings against an alumina counterpart. The feedstock was produced by milling Fe₃Al and TiB₂ powders in a high energy ball mill. The high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) technique was used to deposit the feedstock powder on a steel substrate. The effect of TiB₂ addition on mechanical ...