Reaction of the tin cluster Sn8(Ar(Me6))4(Ar(Me6)=C6H2-2,6-(C6H3-2,4,6-Me3)2) with excess ethylene or dihydrogen at 25 °C/1 atmosphere yielded two new clusters that incorporated ethylene or hydrogen. The reaction with ethylene yielded Sn4(Ar(Me6))4(C2H2)5 that contained five ethylene moieties bridging four aryl substituted tin atoms and one tin-tin bond. Reaction with H2 produced a cyclic tin s...

In this study, titanium nitride (TiN) is synthesized using reactive sputtering for a self-aligned gate process. The Schottky barrier height of the TiN on n-GaN is around 0.5 to 0.6 eV and remains virtually constant with varying nitrogen ratios. As compared with the conventional Ni electrode, the TiN electrode presents a lower turn-on voltage, while its reverse leakage current is comparable with...

A one-pot tandem Pd-catalyzed hydrostannylation/Stille coupling protocol for the stereoselective generation of vinyltins and their subsequent union, employing only catalytic amounts of tin, is described. By recycling the organotin halide Stille byproduct back to organotin hydride, a hydrostannylation/cross-coupling sequence can be carried out with catalytic amounts of tin. Such a process is mos...

The concentrations of urinary tin in healthy adults in Aichi prefecture were determined by anodic stripping voltammetry over a period of three years (1986-1988), to obtain the normal tin level in urine and to elucidate the influence of environmental alterations on health conditions in the future. In addition to the above-mentioned method, the relationship to life style, dietary habits, smoking ...

in this research we used heavy propylene tetramer (hpt) and a1c13 —bf3 (lewis acids) ascatalyst and ethanol, n-propanol and n-butanol as co-catalyst. using lewis acids as catalyst, thehpts form molecules with higher molecular weight. since the raw materials of the reaction are byproducts of other reactions, are not pure and contain various compounds with different m.w andalso different chemical...

Tin is one of the most efficient source materials for both gas discharge plasma sources and laser produced plasma sources for EUV lithography. Unlike Xenon which was the material commonly investigated for the EUVL source application, recycling of the target materials is not necessary for tin targets because of its low relative cost. However, in assessing the benefits of different source archite...

Tin(IV) oxide functions as an abrasive, bulking, and opacifying agent in cosmetic products and is used at concentrations up to 0.4% in rinse-off products and up to 1.3% in leave-on products. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel (Panel) noted that tin(IV) oxide is a water-insoluble inorganic metal compound and should not be percutaneously absorbed; therefore, systemic exposure is not like...

Sir, Tubulointerstitial diseases including tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) have an impact on overall renal function and eventual prognosis of renal diseases [1]. However, the detailed pathogenesis of human TIN has not been fully studied. Renal involvement in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated diseases shows mainly glomerular lesion, especially necrotizing crescentic glome...

Organotin compounds are versatile reagents in organic chemistry.1 Among the most commonly used tin reagents is tributyltin hydride.2 One of tributyltin hydride’s major applications is in free-radical reactions3 such as dehalogenations of alkyl, vinyl, or aryl halides, often followed by intraor intermolecular C-C coupling. These chain reactions allow the formation of quite complex ring systems a...

Modern technologies cannot do without the production of thin films tin dioxide, which are most widely used mainly in three areas: as transparent electrodes, catalysts, and solid-state sensors various gases. Their use electrodes is associated with a high transmittance dioxide layers optical range, well their low electrical resistivity. The effect short-term exposure to plasma on composition stru...