A new position estimation method by using the signals from two automatic identification system (AIS) stations is proposed in this paper. The time of arrival (TOA) method is enhanced with the displacement correction, so that the vessel's position can be determined even for the situation where it can receive the signals from only two AIS base stations. Its implementation scheme based on the mathe...

Accurate predictions of the properties interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME)-driven disturbances are a key objective for space weather forecasts. The ICME's time arrival (ToA) at Earth is an important parameter, and one that amenable to variety modeling approaches. Previous studies suggest best models can predict within absolute uncertainty 10–15 h. Here, we investigate main sources in pr...

In this paper, we develop a statistical geometric propagation model for a macrocell mobile environment that provides the statistics of angle-of-arrival (AOA) of the multipath components, which are required to test adaptive array algorithms for cellular applications. This channel model assumes that each multipath component of the propagating signal undergoes only one bounce traveling from the tr...

In this article, we propose a new distributed sensors-based multi-target geolocation and tracking technique. The proposed technique is joint time-of-arrival (TOA) direction-of-arrival (DOA) factor graph (FG) for (FG-GE), which further combined with another FG extend Kalman filtering (FG-GE-EKF) tracking. Two-dimensional (2D) three-dimensional (3D) scenarios are considered. the FG-GE part, senso...

This paper investigates 3D positioning in an indoor line of sight (LOS) and nonline of sight (NLOS) combined environment. It is a known fact that time-of-arrival-(TOA-) based positioning outperforms other techniques in LOS environments; however, multipath in an indoor environment, especially NLOS multipath, significantly decreases the accuracy of TOA positioning. On the other hand, received-sig...

It has always been believed that no self-adjoint and canonical time of arrival operator can be constructed within the confines of standard quantum mechanics. In this Letter we demonstrate the otherwise. We do so by pointing out that there is no a priori reason in demanding that canonical pairs form a system of imprimitivities. We then proceed to show that a class of self-adjoint and canonical t...

Position information is very important tactical in large-scale joint military operations. Positioning with datalink time of arrival (TOA) measurements a primary choice when global navigation satellite system (GNSS) not available, members are randomly distributed, only estimates between sources and positioning users may lead to unsatisfactory accuracy, geometry altitude poor. A division multiple...

A time-of-arrival (ToA)-based ranging scheme using an ultra-wideband (UWB) radio link is proposed. This ranging scheme implements a search algorithm for the detection of a direct path signal in the presence of dense multipath, utilizing generalized maximum-likelihood (GML) estimation. Models for critical parameters in the algorithm are based on statistical analysis of propagation data and the a...

An effective geometrical method which can locate a source based on the time-of-arrival (TOA) measurements and the floor plan information is proposed in simple non-line-of-sight (NLOS) indoor environment where the multiplebound scattering signal paths can be ignored. The novelty of our work resides in converting the NLOS problem into line-of-sight (LOS) problem based on the virtual stations (VSs...

This paper presents a synthesizable low power VHDL model of a three-dimensional hyperbolic positioning system algorithm. The algorithm derives the equations needed to obtain an exact solution for the three dimensional location of a mobile given the locations of four fixed stations (like a GPS satellite or a base station in a cell) and the signal time of arrival (TOA) from the mobile to each sta...