To understand the effect of substrate microstructure on the formation of TiO2 nanotubes, anodic oxidizations of commercially pure titanium subjected to surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMATed-Ti) and unSMATed-Ti in a glycol solution containing NH4F and small amounts of water were investigated. The SMATed-Ti exhibit a nanocrystallized surface layer containing a high density of grain bound...

Ultra-thin TiO2 films were grown on a Mo(112) substrate by stepwise vapor depositing of Ti onto the sample surface followed by oxidation at 850 K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the Ti 2p peak position shifts from lower to higher binding energy with an increase in the Ti coverage from subto multilayer. The Ti 2p peak of a TiO2 film with more than a monolayer coverage can be resolv...

We used microarray analysis with Affymetrix rat chips to determine gene expression profiles of freshly isolated rat type I (TI) and TII cells and cultured TII cells. Our goals were 1) to describe molecular phenotypic "fingerprints" of TI and TII cells, 2) to gain insight into possible functional differences between the two cell types through differentially expressed genes, 3) to identify genes ...

The kinetics of depletion of ground-state Ti(a3F) and excited-state Ti(a5F) upon interactions with NO, 02, NzO, and N2 are studied in a fast-flow reactor at a He pressure of 0.70 Torr. The technique is analogous to one introduced previously (J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 1576) to study reaction of Ti(a3F) with NO, 0 2 , and N2O and uses a direct current discharge source to product Ti atoms and laser...

This study instituted a unique approach to bone tissue engineering by combining effects of mechanical stimulation in the form of fluid shear stresses and the presence of bone-like extracellular matrix (ECM) on osteodifferentiation. Rat marrow stromal cells (MSCs) harvested from bone marrow were cultured on titanium (Ti) fiber mesh discs for 12 days in a flow perfusion system to generate constru...

Ni L- and Ti L-edge as well as Ti K-edge X-ray absorption experiments for TiO2 thin films and Ni-doped TiO2 thin films coated on glass plates were performed using synchrotron radiation to investigate the structures around Ni and Ti ions in the films. The obtained spectra were compared with the results of theoretical calculations. It has consequently been found that the spectral features were af...

We consider the following impulsive boundary value problem, x′′(t) = f (t,x,x′), t ∈ J \ {t1, t2, . . . , tk}, x(ti)= Ii(x(ti),x′(ti)), x′(ti)= Ji(x(ti),x′(ti)), i= 1,2, . . . ,k, x(0)= 0, x′(1) = ∑m−2 j=1 αjx′(ηj). By using the coincidence degree theory, a general theorem concerning the problem is given. Moreover, we get a concrete existence result which can be applied more conveniently than r...

Let X be a finite graph. Let C(X) be the hyperspace of all nonempty subcontinua of X and let μ : C(X) → R be a Whitney map. We prove that there exist numbers 0 < T0 < T1 < T2 < · · · < TM = μ(X) such that if T ∈ (Ti−1, Ti), then the Whitney block μ(Ti−1, Ti) is homeomorphic to the product μ(T )× (Ti−1, Ti). We also show that there exists only a finite number of topologically different Whitney l...

Titanium (Ti) is considered a beneficial element for plant growth. Ti applied via roots or leaves at low concentrations has been documented to improve crop performance through stimulating the activity of certain enzymes, enhancing chlorophyll content and photosynthesis, promoting nutrient uptake, strengthening stress tolerance, and improving crop yield and quality. Commercial fertilizers contai...