Case A 10-year and 8-month-old girl presented with short stature (body weight 22 kg, body height 116 cm). On physical examination there were bilateral exophthalmus, enlargement of thyroid grade IA, widely spaced nipples, small finger nails. Laboratory findings showed elevated free thyroxin (FT4), decreased sensitive thyroid stimulating hormone (TSHs) and positive anti thyroglobuline. Ultrasonog...

Thyroid hemiagenesis is a rare congenital anomaly resulting from failure of one thyroid lobe development. We report a 23-year-old female presented with Hashimoto's thyroiditis in left lobe, associated with hemiagenesis of right lobe and isthmus which was previously diagnosed as Graves' hyperthyroidism, but developed further into Hashimoto's thyroiditis after being treated with antithyroid drugs...

Ultrasonography (US) is routinely used to evaluate thyroid nodules. The US features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common thyroid malignancy, include hypoechogenicity, spiculated/microlobulated margins, microcalcifications, and a nonparallel orientation. However, many PTC variants have been identified, some of which differ from the classic type of PTC in terms of biological beha...

Patients with anterior neck masses commonly present to otorhinolaryngology clinics, but there are limited differential diagnoses for such lesions. Common ones include thyroid nodule and thyroglossal duct cyst. In an elderly patient, a differentiated thyroid carcinoma should be suspected especially if it moves with swallowing. We encountered a typical presentation of a solitary thyroid nodule-li...

We report two cases of aggressive thyroid lymphoma in elderly patients that presented as Epub ahead of print large infiltrative thyroid masses with extensive invasion to adjacent structures including trachea, esophagus, and common carotid artery. Ultrasonography displayed irregular shaped, heterogeneous hypoechoic mass, mimicking anaplastic carcinoma. Computed tomography showed heterogeneously ...

Acute suppurative thyroiditis (AST) is a rare condition, as the thyroid gland is relatively resistant to infection. Thyroid function tests are usually normal in AST. A few cases of AST associated with thyrotoxicosis have been reported in adults. We report a case of AST that was associated with thyrotoxicosis in a 70-year-old woman. We diagnosed AST with thyroid ultrasonography and fine needle a...

Thyroid ultrasonography (US) is the most common and extremely useful, safe, and costeffective way to image the thyroid gland and its pathology. US has largely replaced the need for scintiscanning except to detect iodine-avid thyroid metastases after thyroidectomy. This chapter reviews the literature; discusses the science and method of performing US; examines it’s clinical utility to assess thy...

BACKGROUND It is desirable to detect neoplastic thyroid disease before proceeding with surgical therapy for hyperparathyroidism so that both conditions can be treated with a single operation. METHODS Between March 1998 and June 2009, 227 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were treated with surgical therapy. Of these, 217 were evaluated preoperatively with a modified 4-dimensional CT an...