OBJECTIVE To determine the possible courses of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) and its relationship to the superior thyroid artery (STA) to improve the chances of identifying and saving the nerve during head and neck surgery. DESIGN Anatomical analysis of the exact topography of the EBSLN. SUBJECTS Thirty-one perfusion-fixed human cadavers (ie, 62 preparations) o...

Disease of the thyroid gland in children differs sufficiently from thyroid dysfunction in adults to warrant some special study. It is not common, and yet, with the exception of adenomatous goitre with hyperthyroidism, all the major diseases of the thyroid gland, which affect adults, have been seen in children. They may be divided for convenience into two groups, non-endocrine, and endocrine dis...

introduction: saliva as a simple non-invasive method of gaining body fluids has been used to detect the thyroid hormones. a single method for determining these hormones has not been clearly stated in the literature. furthermore, thyroid diseases would affect the salivary glands and may compromise salivary flow. materials and methods: a comprehensive search was conducted using pubmed and medline...

Ultrasound evaluation of the thyroid gland is relatively easy in most cases with excellent visualization of the gland with linear transducer allowing clear characterization of lesions as well as guidance for biopsy. However when retrosternal thyroid tissue extension is present, evaluation may be difficult. We report the simple use of widely available transvaginal probe in helping to visualize a...

despite increasing detection rates of various forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (tb), thyroid involvement with tubercle bacilli is rarely encountered and its imaging features have been reported in less than a handful of cases. herein, we present the clinical, pathologic and imaging (ultrasound and ct scan) features of tb involvement of the thyroid gland in a 65-year-old woman who presented w...

The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine in body. Among functions of this gland, we can mention secretion hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), whose release occurs by control stimulating hormone (TSH). Furthermore, it involved calcium metabolism, through calcitonin. Thyroid cancer rare (about 1% all neoplasms), however most frequent among malignant neoplasms. Papillary carcinoma...

Tuberculosis of thyroid gland is extremely rare in children. We describe the case of a 6-year girl child, presenting with a multinodular thyroid swelling. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed extensive necrosis with few epithelioid cell granulomas and occasional acid-fast bacilli, suggesting a diagnosis of tuberculosis. The child was put on anti-tuberculous drugs with significant improvement....

Ectopic thyroid gland is a rare phenomenon that appears most frequently in the cervical midline and very rarely in other sites such as the submandibular region. This article reports a painless, non-tender and firm thyroid tissue mass in the right submandibular region of a 29-year-old female patient. Physicians should consider ectopic thyroid tissue as a differential diagnosis of submandibular s...