Annotating the semantics of time in language is important. THYME (Styler et al., 2014) is a recent temporal annotation standard for clinical texts. This paper examines temporal expressions in the first major corpus released under this standard. It investigates where the standard has proven difficult to apply, and gives a series of recommendations regarding temporal annotation in this important ...

In Modality and Explanatory Reasoning, Boris Kment argues that a single notion of essence can be used to play two different theoretical roles. He thinks there is an important connection between essence and metaphysical necessity, on the one hand, and between essence and metaphysical explanation, on the other. It seems to me that there is a price to be paid for using a single notion of essence t...

We reduce JavaScript to a core calculus structured as a small-step operational semantics. We present several peculiarities of the language and show that our calculus models them. We explicate the desugaring process that turns JavaScript programs into ones in the core. We demonstrate faithfulness to JavaScript using real-world test suites. Finally, we illustrate utility by defining a security pr...

Recent discourse in the Design Science Research community addresses the necessity to accumulate and reuse design knowledge. However, design methods are complex and so are the traditional ways to document design knowledge. Inspired by the high business and academic impact of Business Model Canvas, we argue that a single-page portrayal of nine design elements can help designers to capture design ...

We state several ideas based on the view-point of particle behaviour of matter to explain wave character of photon and elementary particles. By using Newton’s suggestion of light ray, we clarify integrally the behaviour of light “wave”. And “wave” character of particles is also explained by the view-point of particle.

The Abstract State Machine Language, AsmL, is a novel executable specification language based on the theory of Abstract State Machines. AsmL is object-oriented, provides high-level mathematical data-structures, and is built around the notion of synchronous updates and finite choice. AsmL is fully integrated into the .NET framework and Microsoft development tools. In this paper, we explain the d...

This article demonstrates how a powerful and expressive abstraction from concurrency theory—monads of resumptions—plays a dual rôle as a programming tool for concurrent applications. The article demonstrates how a wide variety of typical OS behaviors may be specified in terms of resumption monads known heretofore exclusively in the literature of programming language semantics. We illustrate the...

Received: 13 August 2008 Accepted: 13 September 2008 Abstract This paper suggests ways to facilitate creativity and innovation in software development. The paper applies four perspectives – Product, Project, Process, and People – to identify an outlook for software innovation. The paper then describes a new facility – Software Innovation Research Lab (SIRL) – and a new method concept for softwa...

There are a number of mathematical theorems in the literature on the dynamics of cosmological models with accelerated expansion driven by a positive cosmological constant Λ or a nonlinear scalar field with potential V (quintessence) which do not assume homogeneity and isotropy from the beginning. The aim of this paper is to generalize these results to the case of k-essence models which are defi...

Functional programmers from all horizons strive to use, and sometimes abuse, their favorite type system in order to capture the invariants of their programs. A widely-used tool in that trade consists in defining finely-indexed datatypes. Operationally, these types classify the programmer’s data, following the ML tradition. Logically, these types enforce the program invariants in a novel manner....