T HE tetraethylammonium ion has been used quite extensively since 1946, when Acheson and Moe1' 2 demonstrated its action as a blocking agent, effective at both sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglions. Earlier, Burn and Dalei and Hunt,4 had described the actions of certain quaternary ammonium bases which included the tetraethylammonium ion.* This drug has been used therapeutically with varying...

Objectives: Digital refractory gangrene is rarely found in collagen diseases, including systemic sclerosis and is possibly caused by similar underlying vascular damage in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) such as arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) and/or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) by unclarified mechanisms other than vasculitis and thrombosis. This study evaluated the radiological imaging ...

A case of dermatomyositis presented as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia has been rarely reported. We describe a 46-year-old female patient with dermatomyositis without elevation of creatine kinase presented as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia. She was treated with prednisolone and azathioprine. Over a 2-year follow-up she has had no elevation of creatine kinase. The pa...

A great deal of confusion has existed regarding the differential diagnosis of Raynaud's disease, thrombo-angiitis obliterans, and arteriosclerosis. Raynaud's disease affects, predominantly, young women, and because it is caused by vasospasm is completely relieved in the uncomplicated case, by sympathetic ganglionectomy. It need not be confused with thromboangiitis obliterans and arteriosclerosi...

Introduction. Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor indicated for the treatment of multiple myeloma patients. The most frequent side effects are gastrointestinal and neurological. Serious pulmonary complications have been described rarely. Observation. This case involves a 74-year-old man suffering from IgG Kappa myeloma treated with bortezomib, melphalan, and dexamethasone. After administering ...

Bronchiolitis obliterans, with or without organizing pneumonia, can be a serious and life-threatening complication of rheumatoid arthritis. We describe a case of bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in a patient who recently developed rheumatoid arthritis, presenting as a severe respiratory insufficiency. Diagnosis was made by means of open lung biopsy. Treatment with corticosteroids i...