this study aims to estimate the function of copper consumption using the johansen approach in time series data, between 1991-2011 in iran. the literature review of specialized consumption and demand functions shows factors influencing the consumption of copper including copper price variables, aluminum price as a substitute commodity, oil price as a complementary commodity, and industrializatio...

The present study is an attempt to explore any significant relationships between learners’ preferences for error correction, demotivation, and language proficiency (LP). One hundred Iranian EFL students, including both males and females, studying at the departments of foreign languages of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman and Tehran University took part in this study. In order to obtain the r...

This paper investigates Korean financial markets for the study of market microstructure of price discovery in the KOSPI 200 stock index and its related derivatives markets using different time-interval price data. The Granger causality test and vector error correction model are used to analyze the empirical relationship between markets. The lead–lag relationship between the KOSPI 200 stock inde...

Limiting factors for the precise orbit determination POD of low-earth orbit LEO satellite using dual-frequency GPS are nowadays mainly encountered with the in-flight phase error modeling. The phase error is modeled as a systematic and a random component each depending on the direction of GPS signal reception. The systematic part and standard deviation of random part in phase error model are, re...

The objective of the paper is to examine applicability of Taylor type rule in current Indian economic environment. India has gradually slackened its control on several macroeconomic variables and allowed influence of market forces in many areas. In this scenario, we tried to examine an extended Taylor type equation involving interest rates, output gap, inflation gap, foreign exchanges rate, sto...

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have recently emerged as a viable option for forward error correction (FEC) in future wireless communications systems. One factor influencing the decision of whether to use a specific FEC technique in a system is its suitability for real time systems – and hence, its computational complexity. In this paper, we present a novel LDPC decoding architecture, whe...

Now that we have looked at a few error correction codes and their implementation, we are ready to examine the notion of fault tolerance. The basic idea of fault tolerance is that if we perform error correction “well”, then it is possible to execute an arbitrarily long quantum computation with “reasonable” resources. This may seem intuitive but it is a nontrivial statement because (i) we need to...