We present a detailed spectral and temporal analysis of the black-hole candidate MAXI~J1535$-$571 using NICER observations in September October 2017. focus specifically on hard-intermediate state when source shows type-C quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs). fitted time-averaged spectrum rms phase-lag spectra QPO with one-component time-dependent Comptonization model. found that corona contracts ...

Two-frequency radiative transfer (2f-RT) theory is developed for classical waves in random media. Depending on the ratio of the wavelength to the scale of medium fluctuation, the 2f-RT equation is either a Boltzmann-like integral equation with a complex-valued kernel or a Fokker-Planck-like differential equation with complex-valued coefficients in the phase space. The 2f-RT equation is used to ...

The effect of magnetic field on the growth of bacteria was studied with the series piezoelectric quartz crystal (SPQC) sensing technique. The growth situations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in the absence and presence of different intensities of static magnetic fields were examined and analyzed. The results showed that the growth of E. coli was inhibited due to the presence of magnetic fields. ...

The kinetics of mineralization of carbonaceous substrates has been explained by a deterministic model which is applicable to either growth or nongrowth conditions in soil. The mixed-order nature of the model does not require a priori decisions about reaction order, discontinuity period of lag or stationary phase, or correction for endogenous mineralization rates. The integrated equation is simp...

Fractional-Order Controllers (FOC) extend PID controllers by using non-integer order integral and derivative actions. They have many advantages even if the tuning methods are still at their infancy. Hence we apply Differential Evolution (DE) optimization to tune parameters of FOC in a unitary feedback linear control system of a first order plana with a lag plus an integrator. The FOC combines t...

Detecting bubble in two-phase flow has been a basic issue in two-phase flow systems. A new method for measuring the frequency of bubble formation is presented in this paper. For this purpose, an electronic device was designed and constructed which works based on a change in intensity of laser beam. For this purpose, continues light beam is embedded just above the needle, which is received by a ...

A Brownian particle subject to a time- and space-varying force is studied with the second entropy theory for nonequilibrium statistical mechanics. A fluctuation expression is obtained for the second entropy of the path, and this is maximized to obtain the most likely path of the particle. Two approaches are used, one based on the velocity correlation function and one based on the position corre...