This paper explores open source as a metaphor for e-learning. It builds the case that e-learning and open source movement are rooted in the constructivist movement and the constructivist movement is itself rooted in the pragmatism and instrumentalism that pervades John Dewey’s theories of understanding as applied to learning. As a result, it is recommended that the use of open source as metapho...

abstract: introduction & objective: the hippocampal formation is a part of limbic system that plays an important role in memory and learning. the hippocampus is divided into three subfields: ca1, ca2 and ca3. in addition to pyramidal neurons and interneurons, the astrocytes play important roles in hippocampus, probably in memory and learning. in fact, learning needs some instruments for informa...

Current associative theories of contingency learning assume that inhibitory learning plays a part in the interference between outcomes. However, it is unclear whether this inhibitory learning results in the inhibition of the outcome representation or whether it simply counteracts previous excitatory learning so that the outcome representation is neither activated nor inhibited. Additionally, th...

In this study, on each trial subjects were presented visually a different random series of nine digits, and required to memorize and recall them immediately. Among a sequence of trials there were three repetitive learning trials, a few trials apart one from another. On these trials an identical series of nine digits was presented repeatedly. Recall rates of the series of digits on repetitive le...

In the field of human resource development (HRD), a new conception extends the previous dual perspective of performance or learning and it posits that the field includes three key areas: learning, performance, and change (Gilley & Maycunich, 2000). Because HRD as a professional field works with all kinds of adults in various organizations for the purpose of facilitating their learning, performa...

This article reviews 14 multivariate theories of experimental substance use (e.g., alcohol and marijuana use) among adolescents, including those theories that emphasize (a) substance-specific cognitions, (b) social learning processes, (c) commitment to conventional values and attachment to families, and (d) intrapersonal processes. Important similarities and differences among these theories are...

To date, no comprehensive, theoretical framework exists for providing instructional environments for distance learning. With this paper we hope to lay out a Collaborative Hypermedia Educational Framework (CHEF) for instruction at university level that addresses this gap. The CHEF provides a fundamental philosophy or vantage point for thinking about how best to serve distance learning students, ...

A comprehensive critical survey of the controversies, theories and practices central to secondary education today, this book provides teachers, researchers, parents and policy-makers alike with a vital new reference resource."Secondary Education: The Key Concepts" covers important topics, including: * assessment* citizenship* curriculum* e-learning* exclusion* theories of learning* work experie...