Abstract An unnoticed allusion to Homer’s Iliad in Catullus c. 37 contributes the poem’s recognized military theme by providing a clearer correspondence between figures from epic and those Catullus’ poem, while also establishing new framework for analyzing dynamics of poet’s verbal attack on his rivals that ultimately implicates him own mockery.

Why do some individuals feel hostility and express bias against supporters of other political parties? Drawing on intergroup threat theory, we examine the role emotions as a mechanism by which perceived threats ingroup are source increased affective polarization. In two survey experiments performed in multiparty contexts Sweden (N = 505) Germany 776), manipulated using simulated online media, p...