some logicians as avicenna, khaja nasir al-din tusi, and dabiran katebi believe that denotation (dilala) is dependent on volition (irada), and as long as there is no volition, there is no denotation. some others like qutb al-din razi completely reject this idea and maintain that denotation merely depends on “knowledge of designation” (al-ilm bi al-wad’). some of methodologicians of jurisprudenc...

J.. VJLainstream daily newspapers, radio and television stations and weekly community newspapers typically serve the interests of the majority of people in their communities. However, the U.S. press system also has given rise to news outlets serving smaller community segments and groups with shared interests. From the 19th century black press, to the late-1900s populist and reform press to alte...

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no matter what the extent of effort and diligencr devoted, it seems almost impossible to duely appreciate the role and works of sharif al-razi: in addition to specific and unique features of his time/age which flourished in science,  knowledge, and enlightment, al-razi had his own distinguished poetic personality. though this article we aim at fairly evaluating the genius and talent of al-razi ...

ibn far?gh?n’s djaw?mi‘ al-‘ul?m hooshang a‘lam ibn far?gh?n’s djaw?mi‘ al-‘ul?m hooshang a‘lam this is an unpublished work by the late dr. hooshang a‘lam on ibn far?gh?n’s djaw?mi‘ al-‘ul?m. the work has been written in french and translated into persian by mrs. negar naderi. the scan copy of dr. a’lam’s handwriting is provided at the end of the article. this is an unpublished work by the late...