OBJECTIVE To estimate in a cohort of nulliparous women in labor at term whether cesarean delivery rates are increased in first and second stages of labor in overweight and obese women and whether being overweight or obese is an independent risk factor for cesarean delivery. METHODS Nulliparous women recruited to the prospective Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints study who went into labor after...

A retrospective study was conducted to determine the efifects of intrathecal analgesia on length of labor. There have been a number of investigations which show contradictory evidence as to the effect of epidural (EPI) analgesia on the progress of labor. Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) and intrathecal analgesia (ITA) techniques have been used to provide effective pain relief for parturients, but...

Mexico has engaged in many trade agreements that have left unaffected internal competition, being one of the most trade-opened countries in the world is also one of the most restrictive regarding product market competition. For developing countries, this is a field to study that still need to be undertaken. This paper relates informality in the Mexican labor markets outcomes with market competi...

pregnancy, labor and delivery are known to be associated with higher rate of fetal and neonatal complications in old primigravidas. in a period of 5 rears (2531 - 36) there were 30000 deliveries at amin hospital, among them, there are records of 355 deliveries in primigravidas over 35 years of age who are included in this retrospective study. comparison with the same number of primigravidas und...

AIM This study aimed to investigate ST waveform analysis (STAN) signal quality during the second stage of labor by comparing signal quality in the first and second stages of labor. METHODS Fifty women who delivered vaginally were randomly selected in a large prospective database including all women with STAN monitoring during labor. Quality signal was analyzed during the second stage of labor...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether the obstetric gel shortens the second stage of labor and exerts a protective effect on the perineum. METHOD A total of 251 nulliparous women with singleton low-risk pregnancies in vertex position at term were recruited. A total of 228 eligible women were randomly assigned to Group A, without obstetric gel use, or to Group B, obstetric gel use, i.e., intermittent...

People often assign ownership to the person who has invested labor into making an object (labor rule). However, labor usually improves objects and increases their value, and it has not been investigated whether these considerations underlie people's use of the labor rule. We presented participants with third-party ownership conflicts between an owner of materials and an artist who used the mate...

The purpose of this thesis was to develop best practice recommendations to care for women in the second stage of labor. Evidence suggests that care of women during the second stage of labor using upright positioning, delayed pushing, application of warm compresses to the perineum, and perineal massage can improve maternal and neonatal outcomes (Aasheim et al., 2011; Brancato et al., 2008; Chang...

introduction:   although there no agreement about best way for relieving  pain in delivery, finding an appropriate method with the lowest pain and drug dose and side effect shoud be considered. the aim of this study is to compare the analgesic efficacy and side effects of remifentanil and meperidine as two methods of pain relieving in obstetrics during an uncomplicated labor.  materials and met...