We describe a new measurement of the intensities of the heavy primary cosmic-ray nuclei O, Ne, Mg, Si, and Fe from 10 GeV amu 1 to energies beyond 1 TeV amu 1. The measurement was conducted in 1999 during a 1 day test flight of the Transition Radiation Array for Cosmic Energetic Radiation (TRACER), a new cosmic-ray telescope designed for long-duration balloon flights. TRACER uses an array of th...

The synthesis and characterization of gas phase oxygen- and nitrogen-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (OMWCNTs and NMWCNTs) and the dispersibility of these tubes in organic solvents were investigated. Recently, carbon nanotubes have shown supreme capacity to effectively enhance the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs). A critical challenge is to individualize tubes from their bu...

Nowadays, functionally graded materials (FGM) are widely used in many industrial, aerospace and military fields. On the other hand, the interest in the use of shrink-fitted assemblies is increasing for designing composite tubes, high-pressure vessels, rectors and tanks. Although extensive researches exist on thick-walled cylindrical shells, not many researches have been done on shrink-fitted th...

Gradient distribution of vascular structure made the bamboo wall so effective which improved load-bearing capacity such bio-mimicked energy absorption structures and modify crush behavior thin-walled composite tubes. In this research, influence layering design stacking sequence on behavior, failure mechanism absorbed bamboo-inspired GFRP tubes is assessed experimentally numerically. Quasi-stati...

To lighten and stiffen the structural components used in automobile bodies, variable curvature local-induction-heating bending forming (VC-LIHBF) technology was developed. However, few studies have been conducted on optimization of geometric parameters inductor LIHBF process. This paper focuses improvement cross-sectional distortion limit thin-walled rectangular steel tubes (TWRSTs) without man...