An autonomous instrument based on off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy has been developed and successfully deployed for measurements of carbon monoxide in the troposphere and tropopause onboard a NASA DC-8 aircraft. The instrument (Carbon Monoxide Gas Analyzer) consists of a measurement cell comprised of two high-reflectivity mirrors, a continuous-wave quantum-cascade laser, gas sampl...

Abstract The current study strives to improve the precision and accuracy of a die reduce unnecessary production steps. Upset cold forging for thick coin-like carbon steel parts were studied redesigned single operation. slug used in this experiment was an annealed AISI 1020 bar sheared into cylinders having height diameter ratio (h 0 /d ) 2.07. design problem is prevent inclined surface due roug...

Nonreciprocal signal operation is highly desired for various acoustic applications, where protection from unwanted backscattering can be realized so that transmitting and receiving signals are processed in a full-duplex mode. Here we present the realization of class nonreciprocal circulators based on simply structured metagratings, which consist only few solid cylinders steady fluid flow with l...

A variety of objects modelled in computer graphics can be e ciently approximated with generalized cylinders, particularly when they are viewed at a relatively small scale. In this thesis we present a unique way of rendering generalized cylinders using polygonbased projective rendering: a rendering meta-primitive called the paintstroke. Paintstrokes allow for the concise modelling and e cient dy...

Axial flows over cylinders are frequently encountered in practice, e.g. in tubular heat exchangers and reactors. Using the Integral method, closed-form relationships are developed for heat transfer coefficients or Nusselt number inside a fluid flowing axially between a rectangular/square array of parallel cylinders with unequal temperatures. The model considers the temperature variations of cyl...

Based on the principle of the equivolumetric model, the multiple scattering from two-dimensional composite gyrotropic bianisotropic cylinders (GBC's) possessing a certain magnetic group of symmetry is studied by using the indirect modeling technique. At first, a mathematical formulation for the problem is carried out and its solution expressed in terms of a system of simultaneous linear equatio...

The focus of this paper is the analysis of circular cylinders through sets of points in three dimensions. This investigation has a number of motivations. Clearly, if a cylinder of radius R and direction t passes through a set of points P , it means also that there is a line of direction t tangent to the sphere of radius R and centered at the points of P . Another interpretation is that an obser...

In this paper, the effects of carbon nanotube (CNT) orientation and aggregation on the static behavior of functionally graded nanocomposite cylinders reinforced by CNTs are investigated based on a mesh-free method. The used nanocomposites are made of the straight CNTs that are embedded in an isotropic polymer as matrix. The straight CNTs are oriented, randomly or aligned or local aggregated int...

The drag and lift force of a twin-cylinder structure are often greater than those single cylinder, causing serious structural safety problems. However, there few studies on the passive control twin cylinders. study aimed to investigate performance reduction measures using small cylinders at Reynolds number 100. effects cylinder height (HD/D = 0~1.0, D is side length cylinder) cross-sectional sh...