Nationally, the causes and extent of fire on lands administrated by the United States Forest Service varied significantly from 1940 to 2000, with California experiencing the largest relative annual burned areas.The south-east and California experienced the largest relative area burned by fires from human ignitions. No significant differences were detected in the relative area burned by lightnin...

[1] We have analyzed very high frequency lightning mapping observations and remote magnetic field measurements to investigate connections between lightning morphology and impulse charge moment change (iCMC) of negative cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes with high estimated peak currents. Four lightning morphologies are identified for a total of 2126 strokes within optimum detection range of the North...

In this paper, we compare various lightning characteristics measured by the Austrian lightning locating system [Austrian Lightning Detection and Information System (ALDIS)] with those found in the literature. The latter are typically based on measurements of lightning electric fields. We show that lightning peak electric fields due to subsequent strokes measured by the ALDIS are similar to thos...

We report a study of penetration of the VLF electromagnetic waves induced by lightning to the ionosphere. We compare the fractional hop whistlers recorded by the ICE experiment onboard the DEMETER satellite with lightning detected by the EUCLID detection network. To identify the fractional hop whistlers, we have developed software for automatic detection of the fractional-hop whistlers in the V...

Due to the complexity of the physical mechanism of lightning and mathematical formula, Parameter range and large amount of calculation, at present the mathematical model of lightning simulation is always empirical or inconsistent with the physical properties of lightning. In order to bring down the complexity, and to advance physical properties, of the traditional lightning model the paper carr...

Lake-effect snowstorms in northern Utah and western New York with and without lightning/thunder are examined. Lake-effect snowstorms with lightning have significantly higher temperatures and dewpoints in the lower troposphere and significantly lower lifted indices than lake-effect snowstorms without lightning. In contrast, there is little difference in dewpoint depressions between events with a...

The objective of this paper is to show that observations of total lightning activity provide significant benefits for thunderstorm nowcasting problems. For the purposes of this paper, the term “total lightning activity” refers to the combination of in-cloud (IC) and cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning flashes. We focus on a couple of key nowcasting issues in this paper: (1) thunderstorm growth and d...

South Africa has a rich history of lightning research; however, research on the clinical and pathological effects and features of lightning-related injury (keraunomedicine or lightning medicine) remains neglected locally. By providing an overview of keraunomedicine and focussing on South African perspectives, we hope to raise awareness and propose that a concerted and co-ordinated attempt be ma...

The claim of Sorel to have improved the outlook for children with the syndrome of infantile spasms ('lightning spasms') and mental retardation by the use of corticotrophin (Sorel and Dusaucy-Bauloye, 1958; Sorel, 1959) has aroused widespread interest, and first reports have been enthusiastic (Low, 1958, 1959; Stamps, Gibbs, Rosenthal and Gibbs, 1959). Cortisone has also been said to be effectiv...

Multimedia presentations typically produce better memory and understanding than do single-medium presentations. Little research, however, has considered the effect of multimedia on memory for nonmultimedia information within a large multimedia presentation (e.g., nondepicted text in a large text with diagrams). To this end, the present two experiments compared memory for target text information...