Patients are filtered by rigorously defined study selection criteria for recruitment into research; this is necessary to improve signal detection, internal validity, reduce study-related risks, and meet ethical standards. Research patients assessed managed in ways that differ from usual practice. So, neither nor the treatment environment resembles everyday treated This diminishes generalizabili...

A question that I like being asked is “Why have you left biology to go to business school?” Until recently, my answer has been a diatribe on the boredom induced by doing thousands of plasmid preps and the fickleness of the funding process. But now, halfway through a business degree, I have a much better answer: “Because the knowledge industry has changed.” As biology is becoming more like other...

Powerful economic forces are threatening the foundations of modern health care. Most western societies can no longer afford all the care that we physicians advocate. Recommended treatments are being questioned and limits are being placed on our ability to order diagnostic studies and treatments. We are at a critical inflection point where individual professional autonomy is giving way to multis...