We estimate the effect that six types of high school math courses have on students’ earnings nearly a decade after graduation. We use High School and Beyond transcript data to differentiate courses at a more detailed level than in previous research. This enables us to show that more-advanced courses have larger effects than less-advanced ones. We also provide evidence that math courses can help...

This study addresses the longitudinal associations between youths' out-of-school activities, expectancies-values, and high school course enrollment in the domains of math and science. Data were collected on 227 youth who reported on their activity participation in 5th grade, expectancies-values in 6th and 10th grade, and courses taken throughout high school. Math and science course grades at 5t...

According to Teacher Education Curriculum Development Document (TECDD) of Farhangiyan University, teacher professional competencies include Content Knowledge (CK), Pedagogical Knowledge (PK), Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) and General Knowledge (GK). Of these competencies, CK and PCK are specific to teachers of each major while PK and GK are common among all majors. This study was an attem...

background nowadays, with the help of cosmetic surgery almost every woman and man can achieve a highly attractive appearance. the question is, why so many people do not take advantage of these opportunities? this pilot-study investigates individual attitudes of people towards aesthetic plastic surgery. methods a questionnaire was developed which combined self-developed items for a measurement o...

Objective: This research aimed at evaluating the moderator role of school connection on the impact of violent friends towards aggressive behaviors in adolescent students of Tehran high schools. Methods: A sample of 3529 participants from Tehran high school students was selected using multistage sampling method. Participants completed school connection questionnaire (SCQ), Iranian adolescents...

In many educational settings, students may have an incentive to take courses where high grades are easier to achieve, potentially corroding student learning, evaluation of student achievement, and the fairness and efficiency of post-graduation labor outcomes. A grading system that takes into account heterogeneity of teacher standards and student ability could mitigate these problems. Using uniq...

Background Students' mental health is associated to academic performance. In high income countries, higher students' grades are related to lower odds of suicidal behaviors, but studies on other indicators of academic performance are more limited, specially in middle income countries. Methods Data from 28,519 middle and high school students selected with multistage clustered sampling in the Me...