Affective flexibility refers to the flexible adaptation of behavior or thought given emotionally relevant stimuli, tasks, contexts, and has been associated with efficiency emotion regulation dealing stress adversity. Experimentally, individual differences in affective have measured as behavioral costs (response times, errors rates) switching between neutral tasks. However, task measures can onl...

Model choice plays an increasingly important role in Statistics. From a Bayesian perspective a crucial goal is to compute the marginal likelihood of the data for a given model. This however is typically a difficult task since it amounts to integrating over all model parameters. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how this may be achieved using ideas from thermodynamic integration or path sam...

Abstract We extend stochastic thermodynamics by relaxing the two assumptions that Markovian dynamics must be linear and equilibrium distribution a Boltzmann distribution. show if we require second law to hold when those are relaxed, then it cannot formulated in terms of Shannon entropy. However, thermodynamic consistency is salvaged reformulate generalized entropy; our first result an equation ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the validity and reliability of a nutrition knowledge questionnaire for adults in California. METHODS A convenience sample of adults was recruited for cognitive interviews. A mail-based survey of 400 randomly selected addresses was used to assess internal consistency (Cronbach α). Researchers assessed content validity (Student t test) and test-retest reliability (Pearso...

Medical educators agree that empathy is essential for physicians' professionalism and most studies on the patient-physician relationship demonstrate that this attitude has a key role in improving clinical outcomes. Literature findings show conflicting views in defining and measuring empathy. Nevertheless, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) is a psychometric tool now widely used. Therefore, th...