CTD (conductivity, temperature and depth) data collected in the coastal waters of Rudsar in summer 2008 were analyzed to identify the isothermal layers, thermocline depth and vertical structure of seawater properties. During the survey, probe was released into the seawater column down to 117 m depth. Results showed a vertical variation of temperature between 29°C at the sea surface and less tha...

The flow of energy in the wind-driven circulation is examined a combined theoretical and numerical study. Based on multiple-scale analysis, we find mesoscale field ocean interior strongly affected by, but does not feed back onto, ventilated thermocline. In western boundary region, associated currents first appear as coastal jets, conserving mean energy, later separated jet extensions where ener...

During the 2011 nuclear catastrophe at Fukushima Daiichi, Unit 3 had a sharper increase in containment pressure than 2, with thermal stratification of suppression pool cited as one contributing factors. In present work, buoyancy-induced circulation consequent to steam condensation large, toroidal water is studied using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations view understanding role impor...

Bubble-plume diffusers are increasingly used to add dissolved oxygen (DO) the hypolimnion of lakes and reservoirs. Bubble plumes successful at replenishing hypolimnetic DO, but they also introduce mixing energy that induces subtle changes in thermal structure reservoir, driving plume behavior. To account for this complex plume-reservoir interaction, a double bubble-plume model is coupled with t...

In the Pacific and Atlantic oceans, a complex equatorial current structure is found below the thermocline. The currents are zonal with typical speeds from 5 to 20 cm s and extend as deep as 2500 m. The structure can be divided into two overlapping parts: the Tall Equatorial Jets (TEJs), with large vertical scale and alternating with latitude, and the Equatorial Deep Jets (EDJs), centered on the...

A majority of positive Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) events in the last 50 years were accompanied by enhanced summer monsoon circulation and above-normal precipitation over central-north India. Given that IODs peak during boreal autumn following the summer monsoon season, this study examines the role of the summer monsoon flow on the Indian Ocean (IO) response using a suite of ocean model experimen...

Wind stress, waves, stratification, velocity profiles, and surface fields of radial velocity and acoustic backscatter intensity were measured along a drift track 50 to 150 km off Point Arguello, California. On March 8, 1995, the wind increased from calm to 12 rn/s from the SE, opposing swell from the NW. It increased to15 rn/s at noon UTC on March 9, remained steady over the next 12 hours, brie...

Ongoing controversy about Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth events motivates a theoretical study of stability and hysteresis properties of very cold climates. A coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea ice general circulation model (GCM) has four stable equilibria ranging from 0% to 100% ice cover, including a “Waterbelt” state with tropical sea ice. All four states are found at present-day insolation and gree...

El Niño induces a basin-wide increase in tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) sea surface temperature (SST) with a lag of one season. The north IO (NIO), in particular, displays a peculiar double-peak warming with the second peak larger in magnitude and persisting well through the summer. Motivated by recent studies suggesting the importance of the TIO warming for the Northwest Pacific and East Asian su...

oxygen minimum zone dynamic coastal and shelf fronts thermocline tidal mixing runoff high energy turbidity daily–seasonal fluctuations in temperature & salinity ± high productivity halocline shelf break