Plants are increasingly being used for the production of recombinant proteins. One reason is that plants are highly amenable to glycan engineering processes and allow the production of therapeutic proteins with increased efficacies due to optimized glycosylation profiles. Removal and insertion of glycosylation reactions by knock-out/knock-down approaches and introduction of glycosylation enzyme...

Extensive studies during the past four decades have identified important roles for lysine acetylation in the regulation of nuclear transcription. Recent proteomic analyses on protein acetylation uncovered a large number of acetylated proteins in the cytoplasm and mitochondria, including most enzymes involved in intermediate metabolism. Acetylation regulates metabolic enzymes by multiple mechani...

About 80% of functional genes in the human genome are expressed in the brain and over 1,200 different genes have been associated with the pathogenesis of CNS disorders and dementia. Pharmacogenetic studies of psychotropic drug response have focused on determining the relationship between variations in specific candidate genes and the positive and adverse effects of drug treatment. Approximately...

L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) (EC 3.5.1.1) is an important enzyme for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Currently, the enzyme is obtained from bacteria, Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. The bacterial enzymes family is subdivided in type I and type II; nevertheless, only type II have been employed in therapeutic proceedings. However, bacterial enzymes are susceptible to induc...

NAD(+) and NADH play crucial roles in a variety of biological processes including energy metabolism, mitochondrial functions, and gene expression. Multiple studies have indicated that NAD(+) administration can profoundly decrease oxidative cell death as well as ischemic and traumatic brain injury, suggesting NAD(+) metabolism as a promising therapeutic target for cerebral ischemia and head inju...

Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enriched with bioactive molecules, such as microRNAs, enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory, trophic, and growth factors. These molecules regulate the survival, phenotype, function of malignant tumor-infiltrated immune cells. Due to their nano-size bilayer lipid envelope, MSC-Exos can easily...

Microbial resistance towards antibiotic is menacing all over the world and therefore considered to be a global health issue. Their potentialities for adapting new mechanisms threaten our ability treat common infectious diseases. Hence it important explore alternative therapies combat microbial Among them, honeybee products comprise wide variety of dietary/nutritional supplements with range phar...

Bee pollen is a honey bee product containing over 250 biologically active substances such as phenolic bases, amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, enzymes and coenzymes, vitamins bio-elements. The composition of may vary due to plant sources its botanical geographical origin. has been used since ancient times in traditional medicine for therapeutic effects wound healing hepatoprotective. reported...

Enzymes are proteins that control and carry out metabolic activities in the body, either directly or indirectly. have various advantages over traditional pharmaceuticals terms of therapeutic efficacy toxicity. They great specificity affinity for their target, minimizing Use "Serratiopeptidase enzyme" "inflammation" to search publications Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, SAGE journal, Pubmed datab...

DNA methylation at CpG motifs provides an epigenetic route to regulate gene expression. In general, inverse correlation between hypermethylation and expression is observed. Epstein Barr-virus (EBV) infects people the EBV genome resides in nucleus where either its replication cycle initiates or it enters a long-term latency state viral becomes hypermethylated motifs. Viral shows largely with hyp...