We have performed spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy of Bi(2)Te(3) and present the first direct evidence for the existence of the out-of-plane spin component on the surface state of a topological insulator. We found that the magnitude of the out-of-plane spin polarization on a hexagonally deformed Fermi surface of Bi(2)Te(3) reaches maximally 25% of the in-plane counterpart, wh...

REQUIRED) Information Systems (IS) have often been the mechanism by which Knowledge Transfer (KT) has been accomplished within organizations. However, in the case of Business Intelligence (BI) it is also often the source or the knowledge required to be transferred. While the IS profession has effectively studied explicit knowledge, the conversion of tacit to explicit knowledge (Champika et al. ...

This paper presents a comparative study of Ant Colony and Genetic Algorithms for VLSI circuit bi-partitioning. Ant colony optimization is an optimization method based on behaviour of social insects [27] whereas Genetic algorithm is an evolutionary optimization technique based on Darwinian Theory of natural evolution and its concept of survival of the fittest [19]. Both the methods are stochasti...

Recombination is introduced into Eigen's theory of quasispecies evolution. Comparing numerical simulations of the rate equations in the non-recombining and recombining cases show that recombination has a strong effect on the error threshold and, for a wide range of mutation rates, gives rise to two stable fixed points in the dynamics. This bi-stability results in the existence of two error thre...

In recent years, the coupling of magnetic insulators (bismuth-doped yttrium iron garnet, Bi-YIG) with platinum has garnered significant interest in spintronics research due to applicability as spin-current-driven thermoelectric coatings. These coatings bridge the gap between spintronics technologies and thermoelectric materials, providing a novel means of transforming waste heat into electricit...

This paper is concerned with the unique determination of a threedimensional polyhedral bi-periodic diffraction grating by the scattered electromagnetic fields measured above the grating. It is shown that the uniqueness by any given incident field fails for seven simple classes of regular polyhedral gratings. Moreover, if a regular bi-periodic polyhedral grating is not uniquely identifiable by a...

BACKGROUND The majority of well-known inhibitors are organic compounds containing multiple bonds and heteroatoms, such as O, N or S, which allow adsorption onto the metal surface. These compounds can adsorb onto the metal surface and block active surface sites, reducing the rate of corrosion. RESULTS A comparative theoretical study of three benzimidazole isomers, benzimidazole (BI), 2-methylb...

Two- and three-dimensional topological insulators are the key materials for the future nanoelectronic and spintronic devices and quantum computers. By means of angle- and spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy we study the electronic and spin structure of the Bi-bilayer/3D topological insulator in quantum tunneling regime formed under the short annealing of Bi2Te2.4Se0.6. Owing to the tempera...

For a countable, weakly minimal theory T , we show that the SchröderBernstein property (any two elementarily bi-embeddable models are isomorphic) is equivalent to each of the following: 1. For any U -rank-1 type q ∈ S(acl(∅)) and any automorphism f of the monster model C, there is some n < ω such that f(q) is not almost orthogonal to q ⊗ f(q)⊗ . . .⊗ fn−1(q); 2. T has no infinite collection of ...