Micellization is the precipitation of lipids from aqueous solution into aggregates with a broad distribution of aggregation number. Three eras of micellization are characterized in a simple kinetic model of Becker-Döring type. The model assigns the same constant energy to the (k-1) monomer-monomer bonds in a linear chain of k particles. The number of monomers decreases sharply and many clusters...

The decline in religious identification and corresponding increase in the unaffiliated has been one of the most important religious changes in the United Kingdom (UK). The emergence of the “religious nones” is the most obvious sign of continuing secularization and the declining social and cultural relevance of religion. Yet while the religiously-unaffiliated often form the plurality — if not so...

This review explores the relationship between physics and communications over the past 125 years. We find that four eras of major change in communications technology can be traced to the corresponding major discoveries of physics that directly influenced the communications industry. The four major eras of physics we explore are electromagnetism, the electron, quantum mechanics, and quantum optics.

We demonstrate optical switching of electrically resonant terahertz planar metamaterials fabricated on ErAs/GaAs nanoisland superlattice substrates. Photoexcited charge carriers in the superlattice shunt the capacitive regions of the constituent elements, thereby modulating the resonant response of the metamaterials. A switching recovery time of 20 ps results from fast carrier recombination in ...

INTRODUCTION Modern perioperative care principles in elective colorectal surgery have already been established by international surgical authorities. Nevertheless, barriers to the introduction of routine evidence-based clinical care and changing dogmas still exist. One of the factors is the surgeon. AIM To assess perioperative care trends in elective colorectal surgery among general surgery c...

objective: to evaluate the current scientific evidence for the applicability, safety and effectiveness of pathways of enhanced recovery after emergency surgery (eras). methods: we undertook a search using pubmed and cochrane databases for eras protocols in emergency cases. the search generated 65 titles; after eliminating the papers not meeting search criteria, we selected 4 cohort studies and ...

BACKGROUND This study investigated the clinical efficiency of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) using uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer. METHODS The clinical data of 83 patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2016 to February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. ERAS was a...

BACKGROUND Surgery remains the mainstay of gastric cancer treatment. It is, however, associated with a relatively high risk of perioperative complications. The use of laparoscopy and the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol allows clinicians to limit surgically induced trauma, thus improving recovery and reducing the number of complications. The aim of the study is to present clinica...