I ntegration of the retrovirus DNA genome into host chromosomes is essential for viral replication. After virus infection of the cell, synthesis of viral cDNA occurs by reverse transcription of the viral RNA genome. Integration of the viral DNA genome into cellular DNA is catalyzed by the viral integrase (IN) encapsulated within the infecting virus particle. Viral DNA integration has different ...

This paper investigates the effect of drug treatment on the standard within-host virus model, assuming that therapy occurs periodically. It is shown that eradication is possible under these periodic regimens, and we quantitatively characterize successful drugs or drug combinations, both theoretically and numerically. We also consider certain optimization problems, motivated for instance, by the...

Pathogens are among the suspected causes of declining amphibian populations, but studying infectious diseases in small, threatened populations is ethically and experimentally questionable. Progress on understanding amphibian diseases requires model host-pathogen systems with populations large enough for robust experimental designs that do not threaten the amphibian host with extinction. We repo...

In this paper, we study a time-periodic model, which incorporates seasonality and host stage-structure. This model describes the propagation of Puumala hantavirus within bank vole population Clethrionomys glareolus. The basic reproduction number R0 is obtained. By appealing to theory monotone dynamical systems chain transitive sets, establish threshold-type result on global dynamics in terms R0...

Viral fitness is determined by replication within hosts and transmission between them. We examine how pleiotropic mutations that have antagonistic effects (i.e., antibody evasion vs. receptor binding) on viral replication within hosts can impact viral immune escape in the host population. When the host population is vaccinated, the virus escapes from passive immunity by mutations in the antibod...

This paper investigates the effect of drug treatment on the standard within-host virus model, assuming that therapy occurs periodically. It is shown that eradication is possible under these periodic regimens, and we quantitatively characterize successful drugs or drug combinations, both theoretically and numerically. We also consider certain optimization problems, motivated for instance, by the...

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) dynamics reflect an intricate balance within the viruses’ host. The virus relies on host replication factors, but must escape or counter its host’s antiviral restriction factors. The interaction between the HIV-1 protein Vif and many cellular restriction factors from the APOBEC3 protein family is a prominent example of this evolutionary arms ra...