Variables on which constraints are imposed incrementally can be said to carry \existential" force in the following sense. Under a translation, commonly used in analyzing natural language discourse, of rst-order formulas into programs from quantiied dynamic logic, such a variable is introduced (at the level of formulas) by an existential quantiier. The present paper extends that translation to s...

An attractive format for semantics is that in which composite expressions are built up from atomic ones by means of the operation of concatenation and the concatenation XY expresses the application of a function denoted by X to an argument denoted by Y . The use of relative pronouns presents an obstacle to this form of compositional semantics, since the reference of a relative pronoun in one co...

A novel scheme for representing unbound variables was proposed by Taylor: that aliased unbound variables are represented as circular chains of cells. Unfortunately, few details were given on its implementation and the involved trade oos. We compare the proposed scheme to that of Warren's abstract machine , and nd that Taylor's scheme (a) leads to increased trailing, (b) makes stack allocation m...

We synthesized polymers displaying multiple copies of a peptide from the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (residues 108-117). This peptide is the minimal sequence needed for binding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using an in vitro bacterial internalization assay, our preliminary results indicate that such a polyvalent ligand can prevent P. aeruginosa from attaching to (and being ...

This paper estimates a neoclassical growth model that includes female and male education as separate explanatory variables. The model can be reparameterised so that the gender gap in education enters the model. The interpretation of its coefficient depends crucially on what other education variables appear in the equation. The average longrun effects of female and male education on output per w...

The equivalence between autonomicity and the absence of free variables is a well-known result for linear, shift-invariant and complete behaviors over a field. However, this no longer holds for a behavior that does not satisfy one of those properties. In this paper we consider linear, shift-invariant and complete behaviors over the ring Zpr and study under which conditions such behaviors are aut...

This paper presents an analysis of the copy construction that explains its similarity to extraction constructions while accounting for its incompatibility with wh+NP phrases. Essentially, wh-phrases without an NP complement can be copied because they’re non-quantificational (introducing only a free variable into the derivation). Whphraseswith anNP complement cannot be copied because thesewh-phr...