The intensity of urban heat island is known to be stronger as city size (for example population of city) (Oke, 1973). In Tokyo 23 wards (hereinafter referred to as "Tokyo") with more than eight million people, urban heat island phenomenon is actualized and feared as a factor of increase in heatstroke patients and raising cooling energy consumption in summer. Therefore, Tokyo Metropolitan Govern...

Urban surface temperature is hazardously higher than surrounding regions (so-called urban heat island effect UHI). Accurately simulating urbanization-induced temperature hazard is critical for realistically representing urban regions in the land surface-atmosphere climate system. However, inclusion of urban landscapes in regional or global climate models has been overlooked due to the coarse sp...

The detailed study of the urban environment did not really begin until the start of the 20 century. Early studies by Fassig (1907), Saucier (1949), and Ligda and Bigler (1956) established the hypothetical down-wind effect of cities, while studies by Woollum and Canfield (1968) helped in localizing the hypothesized downwind effect of cities. As the evidence for the modification of weather by urb...

High-resolution numerical simulations of the urban heat island (UHI) effect with the widely-used Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are assessed. Both the sensitivity of the results to the simulation setup, and the quality of the simulated fields as representations of the real world, are investigated. Results indicate that the WRF-simulated surface temperatures are more sensitive to t...

Understanding the effects that the Urban Heat Island (UHI) has on plant phenology is important in predicting ecological impacts of expanding cities and the impacts of the projected global warming. However, the underlying methods to monitor phenological events often limit this understanding. Generally, one can either have a small sample of in situ measurements or use satellite data to observe la...

Green areas cool the climate of a city, reduce the energy consumption caused by the urban heat island (UHI) effect, and bring along carbon savings. However, the calculation of carbon savings due to the cooling effect of green areas is still not well understood. We have used a Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image of Beijing, to identify the cooled areas, compute the possible energy...

Urban Heat Island (UHI) is defined as the air temperature difference between the city and its surrounding areas. This phenomenon varies spatially (depending on the type of urban fabric constituting each neighborhood) and temporally (depending on the time of the day, on the season and on the weather conditions). This contribution proposes a methodology to model the UHI spatially and temporally u...

While the relationship between fractional cover of built features and the urban heat island (UHI) has been well studied, relationships of how spatial configuration (e.g., clustered, dispersed) of these features influence urban warming are not well understood. As buildings and paved materials are defining features of the urban environment it is important to explore the spatial pattern of these f...

Heatwaves are associated with increased mortality and exacerbated by the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Thus, to inform climate change mitigation adaptation, we quantified burden of historical heatwave days in Sydney, Australia, assessed contribution UHI effect used projection data estimate future health impacts. We also potential for tree cover mitigate against Mortality (2006–2018) records w...

Urban parks have been shown to form park cool islands (PCIs), which can effectively alleviate the negative influences of urban heat islands (UHI). However, few studies have examined the detailed characteristics of PCIs, the effect of urban park features on their individual temperatures, and monthly variation in PCIs. Land surface temperature (LST) retrieved from Landsat 8 TIR images between May...