considering the expansion of global poverty and its resulting concerns, the objectives of the millennium development goals (mdgs) may not be achieved unless a solution is found for this widespread phenomenon. therefore finding a solution for poverty reduction and improving the welfare of the vulnerable group has become a universal objective. this paper discusses the poor performance of formal f...

Well before the global financial crisis, the stance of fiscal policy in a number of countries had raised concerns about risks for the outcomes of monetary policy. To provide some insights this paper examines the fiscal-monetary interactions in a novel game theory framework with asynchronous timing of moves. It generalizes the standard commitment concept of Stackelberg leadership by making it dy...

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the conflict between Russia Ukraine have led to instability in global economy serious inflation various countries, mainly due sudden changes household consumption patterns, countries differ their initial response implementation relevant policies, sharp rise energy prices monetary policies countries. Chinese market has been least affected China's timely control promo...

As the global financial crisis has shown, reaping the benefits of financial development and international financial integration without incurring large risks remains a key challenge for many countries around the world. The financial system is inherently procyclical, that is, it tends to amplify the business cycle. Faced with a positive shock, financial institutions and markets can behave in the...

Ambition and Jealousy: Income Interactions in the “Old” Europe versus the “New” Europe and the United States This paper asks how income distribution affects individual well-being and tries to explore the idea that this relation depends on the degree of mobility and uncertainty in the economy. It mostly concentrates on the relation between satisfaction and reference income (defined as the income...

The economic and social crisis that the European population has experienced since 2008 has fuelled interest in the study of its potential health impacts, especially when it comes to the more vulnerable southern countries like Greece, Portugal, Italy and Spain [1,2]. With regard to public health, and particularly social epidemiology, the need to deal with the problem of the economic crisis encou...

from 2006 to 2008 russian government adopted an aggressive foreign policy toward the west, particularly the united states. in this article, the author claims that one should search for the main factor in the ‘feeling danger in the european borders of russia’ and more clearly in ‘serious endangering of european balance of power’ from the perspective of russian authorities after 60 years. i have ...