Assuming that the phase transition between the Wigner solid and the Laughlin liquid is first-order, we compare ground-state energies to find features of the phase diagram at fixed ν. Rather than use the Coulomb interaction, we calculate the effective interaction in a square quantum well, and fit the results to a model interaction with length parameter λ roughly proportional to the width of the ...

The space charge limited emission of ions from a target in the focus of an intense relativistic electron beam is studied analytically for the case of a spatially varying target density profile. In particular, the emission in the presence of an under-dense plasma shelf in contact with the solid density target dramatically differs from the case of an abrupt solid-vacuum boundary. It is found that...

We present a novel and rigorous approach to the Langevin dynamics of ideal polymer chains subject to internal distance constraints. The permanent constraints are modelled by harmonic potentials in the limit when the strength of the potential approaches infinity (hard crosslinks). The crosslinks are assumed to exist between arbitrary pairs of monomers. Formally exact expressions for the resolven...

At winter the problem that how to efficiently clear solid ice and snow, which always plagues the staff .The interfacial materials—solid snow-ice— cause the major operational problem related to snow removed performance. The central issue is how to evaluate the yield characteristics when the solid snow-ice was broken and fracture failure. Measurement system of freezing adhesive yield characterist...

We present an ab initio approach for the computation of the magnetic susceptibility χ of insulators. The approach is applied to compute χ in diamond and in solid neon using density functional theory in the local density approximation, obtaining good agreement with experimental data. In solid neon, we predict an observable dependence of χ upon pressure. 75.20.-g, 71.15.-m, 71.15.Mb Typeset using...

A density-of-states Monte Carlo method is proposed for simulations of solid-liquid phase equilibria. A modified Wang-Landau density-of-states sampling approach is used to perform a random walk in regions of potential energy and volume relevant to solid-liquid equilibrium. The method provides a direct estimate of the relative density of states [Omega(U,V)] and thus the relative free energy withi...