shahnameh(iranian nation epic), has been imitated by many of the poets and drew attentions in many cases, from the beginning, which it can be claimed no other work along with the iranian literary history, has been imitated or has been summarized as far as shanameh. these imitated works and anthologies, as independent ms with titles such as: gozide, kholase, montakhab of shahanameh which have be...

The English auction is susceptible to tacit collusion when post-auction inter-bidder resale is allowed. We show this by constructing equilibria where, with positive probability, one bidder wins the auction without any competition and divides the spoils by optimally reselling the good to the other bidders. These equilibria interim Pareto dominate (among bidders) the standard value-bidding equili...

An existing theoretical literature finds that resale markets cannot reduce producer profits for perfectly durable goods. If the model is relaxed to allow consumers to tire of goods, resale markets may prevent firms from maintaining high market prices resulting in lower profits, contradicting prevailing wisdom. I investigate empirically the welfare effects of curtailing resale in the video game ...

the elements of euclid, sometimes knows as the “the book of euclid”, and in the mathematical texts of the islamic period often referred to as “the book of the elements”, is one of the main sources of islamic mathematics. this paper addresses the history of the translation of this book and its recension by naṣīr al-dīn ṭūsī. then, through a comparison of the first chapter of the fourth part of q...

the deeper we go into the history of architecture, the less physical evidences are found; ceilings are collapsed, walls are fallen and the foundations are faded out over the time. however, there is no trace of some of these buildings, but they are not completely destroyed and they have been surviving in written documentations. the period of ghaznavid empire (997-11860) encompasses one of the mo...