Soap film flows that have attracted the attention of researchers since the mid-Eighties appear to present a convenient model for laboratory studies of 2D hydrodynamics including turbulence. However, two important issues associated with turbulence in soap films have not been resolved until recently. First, are there conditions under which direct evidence of enstrophy cascade can be presented? Se...

A computationally efficient numerical method is developed to investigate nonlinear interactions between steep surface gravity waves and depth-varying ocean currents. The free-surface boundary conditions are used to derive a coupled set of equations that are integrated in time for the evolution of the free-surface elevation and tangential component of the fluid velocity at the free surface. The ...

Schizothorax prenanti is an endemic fish in the mountain rivers of southwestern China with unique protection value. To further explore the vortex motion of hydraulic habitats, which is closely related to the fish breeding process, the cross-sectional vorticity was used to evaluate the hydraulic conditions of the natural spawning habitat of S. prenanti. A coupled level-set and volume-of-fluid (C...

A three-layer primitive equation model of an isolated stationary tropical cyclone is constructed. The major diff erence between this and previously published models is the elimination of the assumption of circular symmetry. The relesse of latent heat by organized cumulus convection is parameterized by use of techniques previously shown to give realistic results in symmetrical models. In particu...

Tropical cyclones (hereafter, TC) as typhoons or hurricanes frequently spawn tornadoes. McCaul (1991) reported that approximately 59% of hurricanes that hit the United States during the period of 1948-86 produced at least one tornado. Most of the reported tornades are produced within two areas of TCs: near the core of the storm and in the outer rainbands (Gentry 1983). McCaul (1991) noted that ...

Oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica) could enhance their settlement success by moving toward the seafloor in the strong turbulence associated with coastal habitats. We characterized the behavior of individual oyster larvae in grid-generated turbulence by measuring larval velocities and flow velocities simultaneously using infrared particle image velocimetry. We estimated larval behavioral velo...

the purpose of the present randomized clinical trial study was to compare the effectiveness of bovine porous bone mineral (bpbm) with and without plasma rich in growth factors (prgf) in the treatment of mandibular class ii furcation defects.in seven patients, nine pairs of symmetric buccal or lingual mandibular class ii furcation defects were treated. in each patient, one defect received bpbm (...

the vehicle driving comfort has become one of the important factors of vehicle quality and receives increasing attention. in this paper, optimal points of vehicle suspension parameters are generated using modified non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (nsga-ii) for pareto optimization of 5-degree of freedom vehicle vibration model considering three conflicting functions simultaneously. in thi...

The first-order effects of nonlinearity on the thickness and frictionally driven flux in the Ekman layer are described for the case of an Ekman layer on a solid, flat plate driven by an overlying geostrophic flow as well as the Ekman layer on a free surface driven by a wind stress in the presence of a deep geostrophic current. In both examples, the fluid is homogeneous. Particular attention is ...