in future, soil erosion will be a great challenge for biosphere. if the soils today are notprotected carefully hunger crises all over the world will be widespread. the present article endeavorsto survey soil erosion process and approaches to prevent it. furthermore the article tries to review therelation between soil character and soil production capability shedding light on the effect of erosi...

In the last twenty years, countries throughout the world have experienced severe bouts of financial instability. Banking crises have become so common that it is the rare country that has not experienced one, while full-scale financial crises have struck some economies with devastating effects. Financial instability, although a particularly severe problem for emerging-market countries which suff...

This article explores informal environmental education (EE) experiences at eco-attractions. A consortium of three UK-based environmental charities designed an eco-attraction-based EE program aiming to inspire responses to environmental change. Over six months, educators at six eco-attractions delivered this two-day program to 430 young people. This article conveys qualitative insights into lear...

the main objective of the current study is to investigate the impacts of environmental evolutionsat global scale on iran’s environmental planning. thereby, all political movements towards solving environmental issues in iran were accurately reviewed to find out the impressibility of the events by the global environmental evolutions. the findings indicated that iran has joined the conventions an...

Environmental crises are distinguished by rapid and largely unexpected changes in environmental quality that are di¢ cult if not impossible to reverse. Examples would be major extinctions and signi…cant degradations of an ecosystem. I argue there are three preconditions for crisis: failures in governance, an ecological system exhibiting a tipping point, and an economy/environment interaction wi...

The link between the Permian–Triassic mass extinction (252 million years ago) and emplacement of Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province (STLIP) was first proposed in 1990s. However, complex cascade volcanically driven environmental biological events that led to largest known remains challenging reconstruct. In this Review, we critically evaluate geological evidence discuss current hypotheses sur...

Before the onset of the current food crisis, the evidence of a severely neglected nutrition crisis was starting to receive attention. Increased food prices are having severe impacts on the nutritional status of populations. Our current food system has evolved over decades in a largely unplanned manner and without consideration for the complexity and implications of linkages between health, nutr...