Despite some progress, there is still evidence of discrimination on the grounds of gender and ethnic or racial origins in OECD labour markets. Field experiments show pervasive ethnic discrimination in many countries. Indirect evidence shows that on average at least 8% of the gender employment gap and a larger proportion of the gender wage gap can be attributed to discrimination. Virtually all O...

This series of background papers was commissioned for the Global Development Outlook 2010: Shifting Wealth and the Implications for Development. These papers have been contributed by the Non-Residential Fellows of the Global Development Outlook, eminent scholars from developing and emerging countries, to provide insight and analysis on the areas covered by the main report. The opinions expresse...

The selection of immigrants by skill and education is a central issue in the analysis of immigration. Since highly educated immigrants tend to be more successful in host country labour markets and less of a fiscal cost it is important to know what determines the skill-selectivity of immigration. In this paper we examine the proportions of highly educated among migrants from around 80 source cou...

1. Several methods are available for determining n-octanol/water partition coefficients (Pow values). Pow values in the logarithmic range -2 to 4 (occasionally up to 5) can be experimentally determined by the shake-flask method set out in OECD Guideline 107. POW values in the range log POW between 0 and 6 can be estimated using high performance liquid chromatography as set out in OECD Guideline...

1. OECD Guidelines are periodically reviewed in the light of scientific progress and animal welfare considerations. The original acute inhalation Test Guideline 403 (1) was adopted in 1981. Development of an Inhalation Acute Toxic Class (ATC) method (2)(3)(4) was considered appropriate following the adoption of the revised oral ATC method (TG 423)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9) in December 2001. This ATC metho...

2. The in vitro micronucleus (MNvit) assay is a genotoxicity test for the detection of micronuclei (MN) in the cytoplasm of interphase cells. Micronuclei may originate from acentric chromosome fragments (i.e. lacking a centromere), or whole chromosomes that are unable to migrate to the poles during the anaphase stage of cell division. The assay detects the activity of clastogenic and aneugenic ...