INTRODUCTION The concept of “urban sprawl” has become so popular in American planning and design literature that it has produced its own dedicated lexicon of specialized terms. Words like “asphalt nation”, “McMansions”, and “lollipop suburbs” define the conditions of low-density, automobile-dependent land use patterns that characterize the American landscape with ever greater degrees of specifi...

Presenting a case study of enclavisation in Karachi (Pakistan), this thesis addresses conceptual, theoretical and empirical gaps in literature on enclaved urbanism so as to present an analysis of enclavisation and violence as inter-relational processes. By taking into account the politics of navigating enclaved urbanism in Karachi, this project contributes to the agenda of developing a critical...

Like other developing countries, Iranian cities are growing and expanding physically at a high speed. For about five decades, the only policy of the urban development plans in the field of urban growth management has been definition of the Urban Growth Boundary (U.G.B.) which is still used without any major modifications.Despite the slight evidences indicating the ineffectiveness of the current...

This scientific article analyzes the impacts of symmetry in architecture and urbanism, how this characteristic can influence design development urban environments. The relationship between aesthetic perception is examined, as well its on functionality human experience built environment. Through a solid theoretical framework rigorous research methodology, different approaches used application ur...

In the extensive framework of historiography on relationship between railroads and cities that began in second half 19th century, a new phase thought action emerged from 1980s, driven by transport-oriented development approach node–place model within paradigms New Urbanism sustainable urbanism, respectively. This highlights need to integrate railway planning urban territorial take advantage pot...