OBJECTIVES Post dinner snacking may constitute a significant proportion of total daily energy intake and contribute to overweight and obesity in some individuals (night snackers). This study tested the hypothesis that providing a structured snack in the form of a "ready-to-eat" breakfast cereal would help regulate excess energy intake and contribute to weight loss in night snackers. METHODS A...

Despite early hopes that the internet would facilitate more socially equitable communication, many age-old forms of discrimination appear to have been preserved. Men are routinely aggressive towards women, experienced users harass newcomers, and young people dominate new social and entertainment media. The current study statistically examines peer scoring and reviewing behavior by over 300,000 ...

A historical review of absenteeism in the popular press is presented through a sample of articles appearing in the New York Times from 1904 to 2004. The review demonstrates the negative perception of absenteeism over the years while also exposing diversity in the treatment of absence in terms of perceived causes, effects, and strategies to combat it. The findings offer insight into social expec...

Cereal crop species including bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and maize (Zea mays L.) provide the bulk of human nutrition and agricultural products for industrial use. These four cereals are central to meet future demands of food supply for an increasing world population under a changing climate. A prerequisite for cereal crop production ...

Identifying an opinion target, a primary object of the opinion expression (e.g., the real-world object, event, and abstract entity), is helpful for extracting target-related opinions and detecting user interests. This paper presents a novel framework for target-based opinion analysis, which extracts opinionated sentences and identifies their opinion targets from news articles. To determine whet...

We describe a visualization of statistical analysis of news data, specifically the headlines of the New York Times. We detail its implementation and its integration with our existing collaborative visualization framework. We then discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the visualization and outline a number of further directions we wish to take this project. Author

Not long ago, everyone was talking about the New Economy. Recent events — notably the global economic slowdown and a possible impending war — have crowded out discussions of the New Economy. To be sure, some of the rosy scenarios portrayed at the time — most notably, that the New Economy portended the end of the business cycle — seem curiously dated. Indeed, in terms of the gap between the econ...

Pollen allergens of the Poaceae family comprise one of the main causes of pollinosis worldwide. Although most of cereals are included in this family, certain pollination characteristics and aerobiological features differentiate them from common wild grass pollen. Cereal pollen grains cannot be easily characterised as potential sources of aero allergens, because of their pollination mode (most o...

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are a class of cytotoxic enzymes that can depurinate rRNAs thereby inhibiting protein translation. Although these proteins have also been detected in bacteria, fungi, and even some insects, they are especially prevalent in the plant kingdom. This review focuses on the RIPs from cereals. Studies on the taxonomical distribution and evolution of plant RIPs sug...

In the present work, health risk of heavy metals such as As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn in Iranian urban and rural samples including wheat, wheat flour, bread, pasta and sweets were assessed. The real amount of heavy metals in target samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Wet ashing and hydride g...