moghul's invasion of iran led to the spread of insecurity, destruction of civil infrastructure and religious-ideological vacuum caused by the toppling of the kingdom. this not only improved the status of sufism as the center of attention for the common people to avoid the governors' tyranny but also made the faraway areas an ideal place for the cultural elites. given the above, yazd w...

the geographic location of the elamite terrain which lies in parts of today's khuzestan caused a middle-man-role for this region situated in between water-ways leading to the head of the persian gulf and iranian plateau and mesopotamia. in addition to the fact that this territory, possessing several rivers, was very fertile, the reality that of one of the most important iranian trade-route...

Molecular rulers that rely on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism are widely used to investigate dynamic molecular processes that occur on the nanometer scale. However, the capabilities of these fluorescence molecular rulers are fundamentally limited to shallow imaging depths by light scattering in biological samples. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has recently emerged as a h...

Special Relativity (SR) kinematics is derived from very intuitive assumptions. Contrary to standard Einstein’s derivation, no light signal is used in the construction nor it is assumed to exist. Instead we postulate the existence of two equivalence classes of physical objects: proportional clocks and proportional rulers. Simple considerations lead to Lorentz kinematics as one of three generic c...

We explore the sensitivity of an interferometer based on a quantum circuit for coherent states. We show that its sensitivity is at the Heisenberg limit. Moreover we show that this arrangement can measure very small length intervals. There exists a well known isomorphism between interferometers and basic quantum processing circuits. In particular the circuit comprising a Hadamard gate followed b...

We prove that Welch Costas arrays are in general not symmetric and that there exist two special families of symmetric Golomb Costas arrays: one is the well-known Lempel family, while the other, although less well known, leads actually to the construction of dense Golomb rulers. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.