The article offers a possible explanation for the raid of Rus’ on Seville in 844 and also attempts to compare this event with embassy Constantinople Ingelheim, their Amastris. These events, taken as part complex geopolitical picture “long middle” 9th century, show origin nature emerging group people. This period started renewed Muslim onslaught Europe through Byzantine holdings Asia Minor Italy...

In accordance with human necessities and deep attention into security, research studies have today became an irrefutable necessity in this area. It is noted that traditional concepts of this important issue have changed, as a result of occurring various events in the past, particularly in the 20th century; so that security is no more limited to protecting human beings against individual and col...

The article examines the essence, basic principles, and methods of formation so-called “Russian world” by leadership Russian Federation, as well prospects for implementation this geopolitical project. Russia sought to ensure its political, economic, cultural informational dominance over newly independent states in geospace former Soviet Union. (and at same time, geocultural) project was founded...

In this study, we investigate the geopolitical risk premium in commodity futures market. By estimating exposure of cross-sectional excess returns on a historical index, find that commodities with low-risk betas generate 9.05% higher annual risk-adjusted than those high-risk betas. The results indicate low-geopolitical-risk-related contracts require extra compensation by risk-averse investors du...

The aim of this paper is investigating and studying of geopolitical dimensions of Russia in the Caspian Sea. Russian post-Soviet geopolitics invokes euroasianism as its inner rationale and meaning, as a greater good that imbues pragmatic, interest based politics with a sense of mission. Eurasianism as a particular tradition of theorizing Russia’s identity and place in the world has a momentum o...

The growth of clean energies and technologies requires a sound financial market, while equity bond markets are exposed to geopolitical risks. We investigate the response green bonds newly develop decomposed measures risks, including acts, threats, narrow broad measures. To this end, we apply two robust methods; namely, cross-quantilogram quantile (QQ) approaches, estimate conditional unconditio...