Transportation is one of the most important issues in today's cities. Urban trips and their spatial and temporal patterns influence and are influenced by other components and functions of the city. Information and communication technology have evolved rapidly over the last few decades and have influenced urban travel patterns in many ways. Numerous studies have attempted to study the effects of...

African cities face immense challenges over the coming decades. As countries urbanize, African cities must maintain service provision for rapidly increasing populations, yet with limited resources. In particular, urban food systems must be able to cope with regional food shortages and catalyze (or at least enable) the distribution of food from diverse sources in order to ensure that the cost of...

Psychiatrists who choose to practice in rural areas are faced with many challenges, including impoverished populations, stigmatization of mental health conditions, reduced access to treatment, and provider shortages. In addition, they are confronted with issues such as increased rates of suicide and binge drinking and nonmedical use of prescription medication among adolescents. Moreover, societ...

in this paper breastfeeding was studied among 10240 urban and 10794 rural mothers, whose children were 18 to 23 months of age. the sample size for rural and urban areas was equal, butin each province the cluster sampling method was used proportional to the population of each district. the results ofthe study show that between 17% to 28% of urban mothers in the provinces have deprived their chil...

concerning the population growth and urban development, significant growth in the rate of personal car usage has caused more transportation and thus growth in occupying the street areas for parking vehicles. this has caused much transporting problems and traffic. hence concerning the parking issue is crucial in traffic and municipal management.the important issue is the suitable place for the p...

1. introductionhumans have actively managed and transformed the world’s landscapes for millennia. after the industrial revolution (between 1820 and 1840) with increase in sanitation, food security and quality of life the human population increased tremendously. urbanization, the demographic transition from rural to urban, is associated with shifts from an agriculture-based economy to mass indus...

Air pollution recieves one of the prime concern in India, primarily due to rapid economic growth, industrialization and urbanization with associated increase in energy demands. Lacks of implementation of environmental regulations are contributing to the bad air quality of most of the Indian cities. Air pollutants produced in any air shed are not completely confined, but at time trespassing all ...

Traffic congestion problem is one of the major problems that face many transportation decision makers for urban areas. The problem has many impacts on social, economical and development aspects of urban areas. Hence the solution to this problem is not straight forward. It requires a lot of effort, expertise, time and cost that sometime are not available. Most of the existing transportation plan...

In Zambia, like in other colonies, the British introduced a distinction between ”crown land” and ”native reserve land”. While in the latter land management and all the natural resources going with it, was left to ”native authorities” according to the principle of indirect rule, the former was administered in keeping with British regulations. Areas which lend to commercial farming, sites of copp...