1. Recognize the signs and symptoms of ventricular shunt failure (increased intracranial pressure). 2. Identify the signs and symptoms of tethered spinal cord. 3. List signs and symptoms of Chiari II malformation. 4. Apply the three-level classification system to patients who have spinal cord abnormalities. 5. Use system-based recommendations for ongoing surveillance and care of patients who ha...

The authors report a rare case of elderly-onset "lumbar spondylotic myelopathy" occurred on a low-placed spinal cord compressed at multiple levels with thickened ligamenta flava. A posterior decompression surgery could alleviate neurological symptoms successfully instead of untethering of the spinal cord, a widely accepted surgery for tethered cord.

that went on to spinal deformity surgery possessed larger curves Study Design. This was a retrospective study of patients with Chiari I (CM I) and Chiari II (CM II) malformations, tethered cord syndrome, and syringomyelia examining the effect of neurosurgery on scoliosis. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the factors affecting spinal deformity progression in patients with diseas...

AIM Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is rarely diagnosed in adults. It is a complex clinicopathological entity that remains poorly understood. In this study, clinical outcomes of 23 consecutive congenital TCSs diagnosed in adults have been evaluated to establish a standard approach to treat congenital TCS diagnosed in adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed in 7...

Objective Abnormal somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) have been demonstrated above the C5-6 level of the spinal cord. Together with observation of tonsillar ectopia and relatively tethered cord, we hypothesize that there is abnormal changes of the white matter integrity along the brainstem and spinal cord. The objective of this study is to utilize the advanced diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) ...