To elucidate the neural circuitry involved in the photoperiodic control of seasonal reproduction, adult male Syrian hamsters, previously housed under long photoperiods (LD; 14 h of light per day), received sham or bilateral radiofrequency-current lesions directed towards one of three anterior-to-posterior levels of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST; far anterior, anterior, posterior...

PURPOSE To investigate the causes of varicocele recurrence and assess the use of embolization and subinguinal varicocelectomy in its treatment in patients with angiography and subinguinal varicocelectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study involved 15 patients with recurrent varicoceles. The mean patient age was 21.2 years (range: 12-42 years). Preoperative angiography was performed in 1...

Abdominoscrtoal hydrocele is unusual condition with large scrotal hydrocele, which communicates through narrow inguinal channel with abdominal component. Abdominoscrotal hydrocele is not a benign condition, because complications such as acute appendicitis, testicular dismorphism, ureterohydronephrosis, paratesticular malignity have been described earlier. This case study describes one year old ...

PURPOSE Fowler and Stephens showed that by dividing the spermatic vessels a high intra-abdominal testis could be placed in the scrotum. Testicular atrophy is a potential complication of this technique. We conducted a systematic review to determine whether single or 2-stage Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy results in better testicular viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched electronic databases...

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of high and moderate summer ambient temperatures on testicular structures and endocrine profile of developing ram lambs. Twenty fall-born ram lambs were randomly divided into two groups: animals were kept outdoor (n=10) under ambient temperature (31-50 degrees C) or maintained indoor (26-32 degrees C) from May to October 2007. Daily maxi...

Gynecomastia, cutaneous spider nevi, testicular atrophy, and loss of libido are frequently found in men with chronic liver disease. The clinical aspects of the subject have recently been reviewed (1). On the basis of studies of urinary estrogen excretion (2), these changes have been attributed to increased levels of estrogens, particularly unconjugated estrogens presumably resulting from decrea...