Weight loss is accompanied by several metabolic adaptations that work together to promote rapid, efficient regain. We employed a rodent model of regain to examine the effects of a regular bout of treadmill exercise on these adaptations. Obesity was induced in obesity-prone rats with 16 wk of high-fat feeding and limited physical activity. Obese rats were then weight reduced (approximately 14% o...

OBJECTIVES To assess whether targeted short-term fluconazole prophylaxis reduces late-onset (>3 days of age) invasive fungal infection (IFI) among very low birth weight infants and extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and to assess mortality rates, toxicity, and costs associated with this intervention. METHODS An observational study of 2 subsequent epochs of inborn infants with birth wei...

the current study was conducted to investigate the effect of short-term divergent selection on the shape growth curve in different lines of japanese quail. the quail lines utilized in this study were two divergently selected for high (hw) and low (lw) 4-wk body weight during 7 generation and also a control line (c). the richard function parameters were used to describe growth curves of differen...

OBJECTIVES Although children with very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g) are at high risk for developmental impairments, we know little about the long-term effects of VLBW on families. This study examined long-term family outcomes and their stability over time. METHODS Participants were the families of 64 children with <750 g birth weight, 54 with 750-1499 g birth weight, and 66 term-born cont...

The Specialty Section Eating Behavior covers a wide range of topics related to food, nutrition, and eating both in animals and humans. These include cognitive, emotional, physiological, and behavioral responses to food and food-related cues; individual, social, cultural, and developmental factors affecting eating behavior and food choice; interactions of body image perception and physical activ...

Type 2 diabetes is one of the major public health challenges in 21st century. Both environmental changes and genetics are attributed for increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Obesity is the most critical and modifiable risk factor and should be targeted for successful management of diabetes. This review article discusses three main approaches to manage obesity. Three management modalities consider...

Birth before completion of 37 weeks of pregnancy is considered preterm. These early births are associated with more than 85 percent of all perinatal morbidity and mortality and are the leading cause of infant mortality and long-term disability.1-2 Each year in the United States more than 475,000 infants are born preterm representing 12.5 percent of live births.3 Efforts to reduce preterm birth ...

BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during the third trimester reduces the birthweight of the full-term neonate. We assessed the relationship between the timing of exposure to maternal smoking, gestational period, weight and body length for both full-term and preterm neonates. METHODS A retrospective study with a questionnaire was conducted in 1194 infants who participated in the official medical exa...

BACKGROUND Health risks linked to obesity and the difficulty most have in achieving weight loss underscore the importance of identifying dietary factors that contribute to successful weight loss. METHODS This study examined the association between change in dietary energy density and weight loss over time. Subjects were 213 men and women with BMI of 30-39 kg/m2 and without chronic illness enr...