OBJECTIVE To review the existing evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of medical therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) indicative of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). To assess randomised controlled trials investigating the six alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists (alpha-blockers), prazosin, alfuzosin, indoramin, terazosin, doxazosin, and tamsulosin, that benefit patients by ...

BACKGROUND Synchronized electroencephalogram (EEG) activity is observed in pathological stages of cognitive impairment and epilepsy. Modafinil, known to increase the release of catecholamines, is a potent wake-promoting agent, and has shown some abilities to desynchronize EEG,but its receptor mechanisms by which modafinil induces desynchoronization remain to be elucidated. Here we used a pharma...

Quinazoline-based alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists such as doxazosin and terazosin have been previously shown to induce apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via an alpha1-adrenoceptor-independent pathway, involving activation of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) signaling. In this study, the molecular events initiating this apoptotic effect were further investigated in vitro using the h...

Pheochromocytoma (PH) and paraganglioma (PG) are neuroendocrine neoplasms arising from chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and the sympathetic ganglia, respectively. Although are unusual cause of hypertension (HT) accounting for at most 0.1-0.2 % of cases, they may lead to severe and potentially lethal hypertensive crisis due to the effects of the released catecholamines. However, both PH a...

A series of experiments by our group suggest that the initiation and development of neurogenic inflammation in rats are mainly mediated by dorsal root reflexes (DRRs), which are conducted centrifugally from the spinal dorsal horn in primary afferent nocieptors. In this study, DRRs were recorded in anesthetized rats from single afferent fibers in the proximal ends of cut dorsal root filaments at...

Previous studies suggest that activation of the CNS melanocortin system reduces appetite while increasing sympathetic activity and arterial pressure. The present study tested whether endogenous activity of the CNS melanocortin 3/4 receptors (MC3/4-R) contributes to elevated arterial pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a model of hypertension with increased sympathetic activity...

Treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) include watchful waiting, pharmacologic therapy, and surgery. For individual patients, treatment choice depends on disease severity, comorbidity, patient preferences, and the comparative efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) of the available therapies. Disease-related symptoms and treatment-related factors influence health-related quality of...

Alpha adrenoceptor antagonists have been convincingly shown to be beneficial in reducing both subjective and objective indices of urethral obstruction in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Rec 15/2739 (SB 216469) is a novel alpha-1 adrenoceptor (alpha-1 AR) antagonist currently being developed for benign prostatic hyperplasia. When evaluated in radioligand binding assays with expressed animal or hum...

In benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) there will be a sudden impact on overall quality of life of patient. This disease occurs normally at the age of 40 or above and also is associated with sexual dysfunction. Thus, there is a need of update on current medications of this disease. The presented review provides information on medications available for BPH. Phytotherapies with some improvements i...

Ren, Yong, Xiaoju Zou, Li Fang, and Qing Lin. Sympathetic modulation of activity in A and C-primary nociceptive afferents after intradermal injection of capsaicin in rats. J Neurophysiol 93: 365–377, 2005. First published September 15, 2004; doi:10.1152/ jn.00804.2004. Neuropathic and inflammatory pain can be modulated by the sympathetic nervous system. In some pain models, sympathetic postgang...