This paper offers novel experimental evidence that violent crimes can be successfully reduced by changing the situational environment potential victims and offenders face. We focus on a ubiquitous but understudied feature of urban landscape—street lighting—and report first effect street lighting crime. Through unique public partnership in New York City, temporary lights were randomly allocated ...

Studying Stone Age foraging behaviours in terms of plant foods is difficult because preservation, sampling and identification biases. Current foodplant populations, knowledge about their use recent times, how they are distributed across the landscape, provide valuable middle-range proxies from which work on archaeological landscapes material can benefit. With this contribution we lists for thre...

introduction:landscape structure means the pattern of a landscape, which is determined by its type of use, but also by its structure, i.e. the size, shape, arrangement and distribution of individual landscape elements. for the delineation of these landscape elements, or so-called patches, often land use or land cover units are used. in this context, “‘land cover’ refers to the physical surface ...

nowadays, the aims for assessing visual quality of landscape are to define and determine certain criteria and factors that can be used for conservation, rehabilitation and renovation of landscapes as well as determining whether a landscape is aesthetically appropriate or not. by this way, landscapes with aesthetic values are conserved and the rest are amended. analyzing the relations between vi...

Problem statement. Landscape architecture is a constantly evolving field of activity. Historically, with the development urbanization, number and complexity landscape design objects has increased. In this regard, there are different stages in formation architecture, associated due to evolution views on relationship “Man – Nature”, technical technological achievements mankind, social needs condi...

aim: the aim of this study was to compare cusp deflection, infraction and fracture in teeth filled with three temporary filling materials. materials & method: forty five extracted human premolar teeth were chosen. after root canal therapy and mesio-occluso-distal cavity preparation, samples were randomly divided into three groups , each contained 15 teeth and filled with three temporary filling...

the present study has been conducted on shemiranat county landscape, using lattice hexagon approach, for the first time, in order to achieve homogeneous units in degradation model. to this aim, with respect to the extent of the studied area, a lattice hexagon composed of 36 units (cells) was created and each grid cell was considered as a sub landscape. next, ecological vulnerability, degradatio...

ecological destruction in human-dominated landscapes has significant impacts on environment sustainability internationally. landscape planning can play a role in mitigating the effects of human-related activities. one element of landscape planning involves the analysis of the biological, spatial and social arrangement of areas in an urban environment and identifying characteristics that are und...