A first-principles method to calculate the critical temperature gradient for onset of ion-temperature-gradient mode (ITG) in linear gyrokinetics is presented. We find that conventional notions connection length previously invoked tokamak research should be revised and replaced by a generalized correlation explain this stellarators. Simple numerical experiments gyrokinetic theory show localized ...

This paper describes a reusable platform that can apply a linear temperature gradient to a lab-on-a-chip device. When a planar microfluidic device with a series of microchannels is placed on top of the platform with the channels perpendicular to the gradient, each channel is held at a discrete temperature. This allows temperature-dependent data for chemical or biochemical species flowed into th...

weather and climatic parameters and their impact on farming plants are one of the foremost effective factors on improvement of crop yield. the potential facilities of various regions may be determined with agroclimatic study and exploit maximally from these facilities. in order to evaluate agroclimate of colza cultivation throughout the selected substations at hamedan province in this current i...

objective: understanding climate effects on crop yield has been a continuous endeavor aiming at improving farming technology and management strategy, minimizing negative climate effects, and maximizing positive climate effects on yield. methods: in order to evaluate agroclimate of corn cultivation throughout the selected substations at kermanshah province in this current investigation, the stat...

The effect of vertical air temperature gradient on overall and local thermal comfort at different overall thermal sensations and room air temperatures (at 0.6m height) was investigated in a room served by displacement ventilation system. Sixty tropically acclimatized subjects performed sedentary office work for a period of 3 h during each session of the experiment. Nominal vertical air temperat...

Formation of a centrally peaked profile of the ion temperature by impurity seeding has been observed in all the largest tokamaks: JET, JT-60U, TFTR. A possible explanation of this phenomenon is proposed, which takes into account the suppression of ion temperature gradient instability induced anomalous transport through increasing ion effective charge Zeff and Doppler shift of unstable modes, S⊥...

Estimates of the gas temperature in planetary nebulae obtained from the [O III] emission line ratio and from the Balmer discontinuity indicate differences reaching up to 6000 K (Liu and Danziger 1993). The [O III] temperature is commonly used to obtain the ionic fractions of highly ionized ions, particularly the O and Ne ions when using the empirical method to calculate the elemental abundances...

Measurements of the temperature of the various parts of the rabbit eye under both local and general Nembutal anesthesia were made ivith the thermistor as the temperature-measuring device at a room temperature of 22 to 24° C, and a relative humidity of 33 to 53 per cent. The equipment and its calibration are described in detail. The existence of a temperature difference of 6° C. (corrected for t...

In the present work, an inverse analysis of combined radiation and laminar forced convection heat transfer in a two-dimensional channel with variable cross sections is performed. The conjugate gradient method is used to find the temperature distribution over the heater surface to satisfy the prescribed temperature and heat flux distributions over the design surface. The fluid is considered to b...